Enhancement of Polymeric Materials through Nanotechnology

Enhancement of Polymeric Materials done NanotechnologyPerformance Enhancement of Polymeric Materials through NanotechnologyDr. P.C. ThapliyalAbstract In the determination decade or so, nanotechnology has gained tremendous and widespread attention. Currently, nanotechnology is being applied in many an(prenominal) knowledge domains to formulate signifi throw outts with novel functions due to their unique somatogenetic and chemical substance properties. The major nanotechnology applications ar identified as heftiness, agriculture productivity, urine treatment, illness diagnosis, drug deli really system, food processing, air pollution control, construction, wellness supervise etc. In the construction sector, nanotechnology is being used in a variety of ways to produce innovative materials. Using nanotechnology as a tool, it is possible to modify the nano/basic structure of the materials to mitigate the batch properties. The applications of nanomaterials in construction imp rove the essential properties of edifice materials and novel confirmatory functions such(prenominal) as energy saving, self-importance healing, anti fogging and super hydrophobic. array paper focuses on how nanotechnology has improved and enhanced the performance of polymeric materials in buildings.IntroductionNanotechnology is gaining widespread attention and being applied in many subjects to formulate materials with novel functions due to their unique physical and chemical properties. Major nanotechnology applications are identified as energy, agricultural productivity, water treatment, disease diagnosis, drug delivery system, food processing, air pollution control, construction, health monitoring etc. In the construction sector, nanotechnology is being used in a variety of ways to produce innovative materials. Using nanotechnology as a tool, it is possible to modify the nano/basic structure of the materials to improve the materials bulk properties such as mechanical performan ce, volume stability, durability and sustainability. The applications of nano materials in construction improve the essential properties of building materials such as strength, durability bond strength, corroding resistance, abrasion resistance, novel collateral functions such as energy saving, self healing, anti fogging and super hydrophobic.Newer applications in the field of advanced materials are link up to matter for which the surface-to-volume ratio is very broad(prenominal). Nanotechnology significantly improves and enhances the performance of these materials. In particular nanotechnology based polymeric materials can be develop into multifunctional materials. Therefore, the combination at the nano size level of inorganic/ organic components into a single material whitethorn lead to an immense new champaign of materials science star(p) to development of multifunctional polymeric materials (Cao et al., 2001 Kowalczyk and Spychaj, 2009 Lee et al., 2010 Thapliyal, 2011 Zha o et al., 2012).Role of nanotechnology in polymeric materialsat onces buildings contain many polymeric materials including neoprene, silicone, poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC), ethylene tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE), laminated glass employ polyvinylbutyral and fiber-reinforced polymer composites. Many of these polymeric materials were discovered and used successfully in effort decades before their application in buildings. Polymeric materials are also in-chief(postnominal) components of paints and coating systems. These polymeric materials are expected to consider characteristics such as (a) ex stallent weather ability (exterior durability), (b) film integrity, (c) tunable mechanical performance, (d) process ability, (e) amenable for environmentally friendly coating formulations, among others.Using nano technology, polymeric materials including advanced coatings systems can improve energy efficiency, durability, aesthetics and other functionalities of buildings and superstructures. For example, cool-roof coatings (high solar refection and thermal emission) have been very effective in increasing building efficiency and thereby reducing energy consumption for cooling. Solar heat-absorbing polymeric materials are becoming essential components of solar collectors used in solar energy harvesting. Super-durable coatings with self-cleaning properties are in much demands for applications on super-structures, monuments and areas where re-painting is very costly.Current positionPolymeric materials such as coating systems are reported for the eating away prevention based on alkyds, acrylics, polyurethanes, polyesters and epoxies. Among them epoxies have number of advantages such as better physico-mechanical properties and improved chemical resistance. Its deplorable UV resistance and high cost led to develop innovative epoxies by blending with low cost renewable natural resins. The epoxy resin and modified epoxy cardanol resin based coatings form a kind of inter discr iminating net sprain (IPN) on the surface of steel and concrete, thus providing a parapet to the attack by moisture. IPNs possess several interesting characteristics in proportion to normal polyblends, because varied synthetic techniques yield IPNs of such diverse properties that their engineering science potential spans a broad gamut of modern technology (Sperling, 1981 Thapliyal, 2010).In Indian scenario ongoing question efforts on polymeric materials at IIT Bombay, researchers are winning into consideration of the basic issues like homogeneous dispersion of CNT in polymer matrix and adequate interfacial adhesion among the phases and a novel CNT material i.e., SMA-g-MWNT is being by grafting acid functionalized MWNT with styrene maleic anhydride (SMA) dissolved in THF solvent. The RD work on development of heat reflecting coating on flat glass is being done at CSIR-CGCRI. CSIR-CBRI has the expertise in the area of polymeric materials especially adhesives, sealants and coatin gs. In the past, CSIR-CBRI scientists have done work in the field of synthesis, formulation and testing of different types of polymeric materials. As a root CSIR-CBRI had published a number of research publications and several technologies were transferred to the private organizations. For example, CSIR-CBRI has developed natural cardanol resin based epoxy coating systems for corrosion protection. (Aggarwal et al., 2007 Thapliyal, 2010)A new era of polymeric material innovations for buildingsRecent developments in the field of the fabrication and characterisation of objects at the nano-scale make it possible to design and gull new materials with special functional properties. For example, materials can be strengthened or, conversely, do more flexible, or materials can be given greater electrical resistance and lower thermal resistance. The possibilities are virtually endless, particularly in relation to the coupling between living cells and specific functional nanoparticles, nan osurfaces or nanostructures. Artificially inserted organic particles or surfaces can influence a cell to the extent that it takes on an entirely new functionality, such as fluorescence or magnetism. Insertion of these particles or surfaces in cells may even result in the production of new biomaterials. These couplings open up many new scientific and commercial avenues.New materialpolyamide, or nylonhas emerged in applications as a smart desiccation barrier in exterior envelopes. Its water vaporization permeability increases ten times even in conditions of very high humidity. This is particularly useful when moisture is trapped inside a fence assembly. The vapour barrier becomes more permeable and allows moisture to escape, reducing the take chances of corrosion, rot, and the growth of mould and mildew. Although nylon was discovered in 1931, its properties as a vapour barrier were not described until 1999, and it was recently commercialized for this purpose. Both of these example s deck opportunities that arise from addressing the needs of the create environment with polymeric materials science and engineering. The freshman resulted from an unintended consequence of an aesthetic choice, the second from an overlooked property of a common polymeric material. Both examples raise the question of why our built environment has been so resistant to change when new polymeric materials may offer better performance and more satisfying aesthetic results (Munirasu et al., 2009 Thapliyal, 2010 Singh et al., 2010).Conclusions building new polymeric materials at the atomic and nano scale and structuring or trust existing materials, resulting in entirely new characteristics of these materials, make the application area virtually limitless. The international interest in this area is demonstrated understandably by the growing number of major research programmes being funded in Europe, Japan and the USA as well as in Australia, Canada, China, S. Korea, capital of Singapore and Taiwan, etc. However, the introduction of unfamiliar polymeric materials in buildings is difficult because of aliveness safety concerns, first-cost constraints, and the reluctance of builders to adopt new practices in the field. In addition, the very long life of buildings that serve as host to unproven polymeric materials compounds the risk of legal exposure for all involved, from researchers to builders. However, it is likely that latent opportunities for achieving a substantially improved built environment await the attention of building experts and the polymeric/materials science community united in common research goals.ReferencesChao, T.P. Chandrasekaran, C. Limmer, S.J. Seraji, S. Wu, Y. Forbess, M.J. Neguen, C. Cao, G.Z. J. 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