King Tut Essay examples -- essays research papers

Lord Tutankhamen The Boy King Lord Tutankhamen ,or King Tut, was probably the most youthful ruler to rule over any nation. “The Boy King'; is best associated with his heavenly memorial service treasures, including his expand brilliant internment cover. Lord Tut accomplished a proportion of eternality through his sparkling entombment treasures. Â â â â â King Tut was an Egyptian pharaoh of the eighteenth tradition who ruled from around 1348 to 1339 BC. His name can be spelled an assortment of ways including Tutankhamen, Tutankhamon, or Tutankhamun. There is a puzzle, however, encompassing his name. Scientists have no clue about where it originated from on the grounds that his folks are obscure. He became lord during the time of rearrangement that followed the demise of his dad in-law, the pharaoh Akhenaton. The kid ruler wedded Akhenaton’s third girl to fortify his case to the seat and took the name Tutankhaton meaning “gracious of life is Aton.'; After under three years of living arrangement at Akhetaton he changed his name to Tutankhamen. Since Tut was just nine or ten when he became pharaoh the bearing of the state was lapsed onto a more seasoned authority named Ay. ( He succeeded Tut when he kicked the bucket.) Â Â Â Â Â When Tut was alive, anyway the Egyptians had a pizazz for messing around and recounting stories. All Egyptians appreciated challenges and stories, however the well off sought after those side interests with a rich prosper. Sovereignty, for example, Tut, was depicted on the dividers of his burial place playing the game senet, which reenacted the journey for everlasting satisfaction in the afterlife. This game is played on a checkerboard table with thirty squares orchestrated in three equal lines. Every one of two players has an equivalent number of counters (extending from five to seven) in two arrangement of various shapes. The counters are moved with sticks or little bones. Â â â â â The objective of the game is to get no matter how you look at it with your counters following a S-molded way while beating or obstructing those of your foe; the match is dominated when you get every one of your counters off the board. The fifteenth square and the last five squares bear pictures or hieroglyphic engravings that signify a unique status, either positive or negative, for the counter that lands on them. Dominating this match permits the expired to conquer any troubles required during his excursion and to and... ...khamen’s name implied. Imn = Amun, Tut = Image, Ankh = Living. This is the importance of his last name, Living picture of Amun. Â â â â â “Can see anything ?'; “Yes,'; Carter answered, “wonderful things.'; Such were the expressions of Howard Carter on February 17, 1923 as the paleontologist looked into the multi year old obscurity of Pharaoh Tutankhamen’s entombment chamber and everlastingly changed the extent of man’s creative mind. Carter and his group of the world’s most prominent archeological specialists revealed what are without a doubt among the best wealth of this or any known time. The name Tutankhamen, in actuality a moderately irrelevant youthful lord, has gotten incredible and has besides accepted a situation in our jargon and social ethos equaled by scarcely any different figures of antiquated history. Of the occasions which straightforwardly followed that earth shattering day in 1923, we are totally bewildered. By 1929, twenty-two individuals who had been either straightforwardly or in a roundabout way associated with the exhumati on of Tut and his fortunes were dead, much of the time, of undiagnosable causes. Was this only a flook or was it the scourge of King Tutankhamen.

Sotos Black Hair Essay -- Soto Black Hair Essays

Soto's Black Hair The title of Soto’s â€Å"Black Hair† is normal. The picture that structures from the shading â€Å"black† filling in as a descriptive word to depict the basic thing â€Å"hair† paints a commonplace picture that doesn't take into account any investigation underneath this solid picture. Be that as it may, in situations where the title isn't an allurement, the substance of the sonnet is generally to a greater degree a test and Soto’s â€Å"Black Hair† is an ideal model. As the title recommends, there are many solid pictures and figures introduced all through the sonnet, however after a nearby perusing it is clear that the basic subjects of family and culture lay underneath these unmistakable pictures through the beautiful components of the metonymy, the representation, shading symbolism, and the play on words. The sonnet starts by presenting the principle figure in the sonnet, a normally gifted baseball player named Hector Moreno. To the storyteller, the sport of baseball is something beyond a straightforward game, â€Å"it [is] a figure †Hector Moreno† (6). Portraying Hector Moreno at first as a figure firmly connected with the sport of baseball shows exactly how loved an individual Hector is in the narrator’s mind. This picture of Hector Moreno is very concrete, yet as the sonnet proceeds, the storyteller communicates to the peruser that his dad kicked the bucket at some point during his adolescence, as â€Å"his [father’s] face no longer [hangs] over the table† (18). Out of nowhere the picture of Hector Moreno isn't as concrete as it initially shows up, particularly through the lines paving the way to Moreno’s first appearance on the baseball field â€Å"in the extending shade† (4-5). The shadow of the narrator’s father over the supp er table when he was a kid has now appeared as Moreno’s figure in the shade over the baseball field since the narrator’s father has passed on. This underlying me... ...se, watching Moreno contact home plate resembles the storyteller being invited into the arms of the â€Å"brown people† (30). Due to his troublesome home life, the storyteller discovers solace and love amidst baseball and his Mexican culture. Soto’s â€Å"Black Hair† is an ideal case of a sonnet that is viable through close examination of certain solid pictures which hold the way in to the establishment of the sonnet and its basic subjects. In this sonnet, the widespread subjects of family and culture are covered up under the figure of Hector Moreno, the picture of the narrator’s hair, just as the all-inclusive baseball analogy about culture. Despite the fact that the title may appear to be normal from the start, the test that the sonnet presents through its association of solid pictures and subjects is extremely interesting, and the topics are clarified through the viable utilization of certain wonderful components.

Common Sense :: essays research papers

The Declaration of Independence What's more, crafted by Thomas Paine: Common Sense      The handout Common Sense, made by Thomas Paine, was important to educating the individuals regarding how they owed no devotion to Britain. I am additionally a solid adherent that this report in a roundabout way helped lead to one of the key parts prompting the American Revolution, The Declaration of Independence.      Thomas Paine had flopped in different professions as a corseter, sailor, and assessment official. He at that point met Benjamin Franklin who helped him move to Philadelphia, where his news coverage vocation started. He composed the flyer Common Sense, which was a solid barrier of American Independence from Britain. Without his energetic, persuading words we may never have had the same number of homesteaders with a devoted perspective.      I’m miserable to express that after this incredible commitment to his nation he came back to England, participating in different disasters. He was imprisoned for not supporting the execution of King Louis XVI. While in prison he turned into a skeptic and composed â€Å"The Age of Reason† which turned into the principal area of the deist-agnostic content. In any event he helped impacted the American Revolution, and that’s what I figure we ought to recall him by. With respect to the Declaration of Independence, I accept that his words affected the agents of the states, just as the normal American. On July fourth 1776 the thirteen states consistently passed the Declaration of Independence, which was composed by Thomas Jefferson. He was picked in light of his notable aptitude of readable composition. It was not that the thoughts appeared of the report those of his own, however the mutual thoughts of numerous delegates, who might later on verification check Thomas’ work to ensure no critical thoughts were forgotten about.      In the Declaration of Independence rights that despite everything exist today are first introduced.

Why Does Plato Considers Ordinary Human Existence to...

WHY DOES PLATO COMPARE ORDINARY HUMAN EXISTENCE TO THAT OF CHAINED PRISONERS IN A CAVE? Plato in his famous Allegory of Cave compared the ordinary human existence to that of chained prisoners in a cave. According to Plato, we are all stuck in a false reality in this world like prisoners in a cave. His cave theory still applies today in the sense that the people are influenced and controlled by the world around them. They do not want to realize or seek the truth; instead they wish to live in the comfort zone inside the cave. THE ALLEGORY OF THE CAVE: PLATO, REPUBLIC. Plato assumed the existence of human life in a cave. In his view, human beings are tied as prisoners in a cave and they could only see the shadows of real†¦show more content†¦Why we are living with shadows? Whether we are all ignorant? Or we are all lazy enough to find out the reality? Or we are slaves of these shadows? Is everything we saw are lies, then what is the real truth? Is knowledgeable realm, form of good is the last thing to be seen? According to Plato, the shadows inside the cave are â€Å"illusion†. Buddha’s first expression of enlightment was â€Å"all is illusion† .All Buddhist practices aimed at disabusing a person of their illusions. Presently Buddhism teaches to pierce through the two veils of illusion, which are conflicting emotions and false beliefs about reality. Everything is illusion in this world. According to Advaita school of Vedanta, Brahman is the only reality; the appearance of dualities and differences in this world is a superimposition on Brahman, called Maya. Maya is the illusionary and creative aspect of Brahman. Advaita accepts Plato’s view on reality. Everything inside the cave is shadows and are false realities. These are temporary. Likewise everything in this world is illusion and is temporary. According to Buddhism, ‘reflection of yourself’ is enlightment. Reflection means finding answers for ‘Who am I ?’ ‘Why am I here?’ ‘Where do I go after death?’ ‘What will I be?’But Plato’s view is that knowing reality is enlightment. Reality means form of good. Mahayana Sutra says; â€Å"The truth was never preached by the Buddha, seeing thatShow MoreRelatedWhy Does Plato Considers Ordinary Human Existence to Thatos Chained Prisoners in a Cave1633 Words   |  7 PagesWHY DOES PLATO COMPARE ORDINARY HUMAN EXISTENCE TO THAT OF CHAINED PRISONERS IN A CAVE? Plato in his famous Allegory of Cave compared the ordinary human existence to that of chained prisoners in a cave. According to Plato, we are all stuck in a false reality in this world like prisoners in a cave. His cave theory still applies today in the sense that the people are influenced and controlled by the world around them. They do not want to realize or seek the truth; instead they wish to live in Why Does Plato Considers Ordinary Human Existence to... WHY DOES PLATO COMPARE ORDINARY HUMAN EXISTENCE TO THAT OF CHAINED PRISONERS IN A CAVE? Plato in his famous Allegory of Cave compared the ordinary human existence to that of chained prisoners in a cave. According to Plato, we are all stuck in a false reality in this world like prisoners in a cave. His cave theory still applies today in the sense that the people are influenced and controlled by the world around them. They do not want to realize or seek the truth; instead they wish to live in the comfort zone inside the cave. THE ALLEGORY OF THE CAVE: PLATO, REPUBLIC. Plato assumed the existence of human life in a cave. In his view, human beings are tied as prisoners in a cave and they could only see the shadows of real things†¦show more content†¦Shadows are fake realities and they make us believe that they are the forms of reality. Several companies cheat the general public by mere advertisements. For example, pharmaceutical industries they produce drugs and they often chang e the content inorder to make sales and to earn profit. We have to figure out what is real and true. The media especially television and radio telecast only the assumptions rather than on reality. On the other hand, government is hiding everything and the politicians create the atmosphere of fake reality and they never tell the truth. For example, the American government started screening the sites of radio during the Vietman war inorder to hide the truth from the people. Thus, human beings exist in a place which is full of fake realities. According to â€Å"consciousness in Advaita Vedanta† by William.M.Indich, ‘form of the good, which is the supreme form of divine reason and thus the highest possible object of knowledge for individual soul or consciousness’. Advaita School of philosophical thought and the Plato’s views considers form of good as the divine form of knowledge and enlightment. In both schools of thought light plays an important role. Reachin g or Attaining light is enlightment. In the same book, â€Å"consciousness in Advaita Vedanta† William.M.Indich, â€Å"light of divine reason in Plato’s analogy not only accounts for the power by which the soul knows but also is the source of existence and essence of formsShow MoreRelatedWhy Does Plato Considers Ordinary Human Existence to Thatos Chained Prisoners in a Cave1618 Words   |  7 PagesWHY DOES PLATO COMPARE ORDINARY HUMAN EXISTENCE TO THAT OF CHAINED PRISONERS IN A CAVE? Plato in his famous Allegory of Cave compared the ordinary human existence to that of chained prisoners in a cave. According to Plato, we are all stuck in a false reality in this world like prisoners in a cave. His cave theory still applies today in the sense that the people are influenced and controlled by the world around them. They do not want to realize or seek the truth; instead they wish to live

The American Foundation Of Suicide Prevention - 935 Words

The American Foundation of Suicide Prevention is a non-profit organization acknowledges that suicide and mental health problems are part of our society and by understanding this we can better support those in need, and suicide affects a tremendous amount of people and proper education and treatment can prevent people from committing suicide. â€Å"Each year in the United States, suicide claims over 40,000 lives - more than war, murder, and natural disasters combined†¦Suicide is not just a faceless health issue for our society - it affects real people.† (1.) The American Foundation for Suicide Prevention (AFSP) which was founded in 1987, is one of the leaders in fighting against suicide by offers research, education to those in need, and supports those people and their families that are affected by suicide. The AFSP has been funding research to better understand suicidal risk like the â€Å"Family-Based Study of Arginine Vasopressin Receptor-1B Association and Interaction with Stressful Life Events on Depression and Anxiety in Suicide Attempts†(3), which emphasis is in neuropsychopharmacology. The research that the AFSP has also done extensive research in Neurobiological, Genetic, Psychosocial, Community Intervention, Survivor Studies, International Studies, and Clinical Treatment like ECT (eclectic convulsive therapy).(2) The AFSP gathers research form privet researchers that the organization that helps sponsors by offering grants to expand the knowledge and understanding of mentalShow MoreRelatedPersuading for Donations and Involvement with the American Foundation for Suicide Prevention632 Words   |  3 Pagesand or get involved with the American Foundation for Suicide Prevention. We all are going to pass on and die eventually. It is a fact. That’s how the circle of li fe works. You never know when it’s going to happen. Unless your one of the 38,364 people who committed suicide in 2010, if you were then you new exactly that you were going to die that day, cause they planned it. Isn’t that a horrible thought? Planning your own death. The American Foundation for Suicide Prevention national not-for-profit organizationRead MoreThe American Foundation For Suicide Prevention Essay2037 Words   |  9 Pagesevery 13 minutes, someone commits suicide in the U.S (http://www.save.org/). Whether your friends or acquaintances, chances are you will know someone who has committed suicide. However, this doesn’t have to be the case. Urban Meyer, current coach of the Ohio State football team, once stated, â€Å"Are you going to be the problem or the solution?† An organization known as the American Foundation for Suicide Prevention (AFSP) has decided they will be the solution to suicide. Depression takes a toll on 20-25%Read MoreEssay on Samurais and Honorable Suicide1592 Words   |  7 Pagesdisappear from our lives without explanation. No letter, note or goodbye, they just leave us to never return. Death, or in this situation suicide, where you may never know why they did it. Just left with loose ends that will never be tied up. For others its a glorious thing, they accept it as a way of life or something that has to be done to â€Å"save† them or their family. Suicide is looked at differently in a particular cultures compared to how other cultures do. The samurais see it as honor to them or theirRead MorePersonal Narrative : Personal Experience1400 Words   |  6 PagesEye opening moments are far and few between. In that one moment, your entire perspective shatters and you realize that what you thought you knew, you didn t know at all. After the suicide of my best friend, I realized how dangerous addiction could be, but I still couldn t fully understand it. I went two years after his death constantly wondering what he really experienced. Talking to our mutual friends, his little sister, and his parents reminded me of how kind and happy Conner had been. Not untilRead MoreThe Suicide Of North Carolina900 Words   |  4 Pagesattempt to commit suicide, whether this leads to hospitalizations or completed suicides; this makes suicide one of the leading causes of death in North Carolina. Members of the community identified as having the highest suicide attempts and deaths are between the ages 10-24 and 45-64 (American Foundation for Suicide Prevention 2015). Also, out of these attempts and deaths, white men compose approximately seventy percent of those numbers across America (Amer. Foundation for Suicide Preven. 2015; NCRead MoreThe Importance Of Suicide Prevention1498 Words   |  6 Pagesdefinition of suicide is the act of intentionally causing one’s own death. Suicides happen every day and the emotional impact such an act ha s on individuals, families, and communities is devastating and tragic. Unfortunately, suicide has become a much bigger social issue than society likes to admit. Many people seem to think of teenage years as their happiest years in life but what others do not know is that someone can be suffering from pain caused by an emotional or environmental issue. Suicide preventionRead MoreThe Most Successful Treatment Today For Depression957 Words   |  4 PagesSuicide is a growing problem around the world and is the third leading cause of death. Statistics show the seriousness of the situation. According to W.H.O. (World Health Organization) and C.D.C. (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention), over 800,000 people die by suicide every year with 42,773 being Americans. The National Alliance on Mental Illness says the leading cause of people committing suicide is untreated depression, but â€Å"only half of all Americans experiencing an episode of major depressionRead MoreThe Other Side O f Suicide1577 Words   |  7 PagesJosh Arteseros Gwendleyon November 24, 2014 The Other Side Of Suicide â€Å"What scenarios makes someone suicidal?† One evening going to Santa Rosa Junior College college for class I see up ahead theres two white vans with (I don t remember exactly what it said but I m going to say) â€Å"youth suicide prevention† written on the side, sitting in the main quad of the campus blocking my main walk path. I had to walk around the whole set up but while doing so I notice hundreds of backpacks allRead MoreImpact of the Economy on Suicide1255 Words   |  6 Pages Do economic classes affect the percentage of suicide rates? All types of people, rich and poor commit suicide, but suicide and suicide prevention are growing. The lives of about 4600 young people are lost because of suicide every year (Center for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2014). So what is the country offering to help? There are many programs and treatments to help those who have resorted to or contemplated suicide. Specialized programs have been created, but not all are accessibleRead MoreCan Suicide Be Prevented?. As Said In The Dictionary,1300 Words   |  6 PagesCan Suicide Be Prevented?   Ã‚  Ã‚   As said in the dictionary, suicide is the desperate attempt to escape unbearable pain or suffering by intentionally causing one own’s death. In simpler terms, an act of suicide is when someone takes their life, commonly due to immense feelings of sadness, loneliness, hopelessness, or depression. According to the Centers for Disease Control, over the past decade, suicide rates have risen quickly to the tenth leading cause of death among people over the age of ten. The

Toyotas Ethical Issue Of Toyota - 1023 Words

†Hold on and pray.† These were the last words spoken to a 911 operator on August 29, 2009, before the speaker, Christopher Lastrella, and 3 family members died in a horrific car accident in San Diego, California. The cause of the crash? The pedal of the rented Lexus E350 was stuck in full throttle, hurtling the car down the highway at speeds of up to 120 miles per hour, rendering the brakes completely useless. Those who passed away included two adult men, an adult woman, and a thirteen year old girl. Upon further investigation, it was determined that the floor mat had caused the accelerator to be caught and unable to be released. This incident would serve as the initial event that jumpstarted the public’s concern for exactly what was going on with many Toyota models. In this paper, we will explore the ethical issue that was present in this case, whether or not Toyota acted ethically in its handling of the unintended acceleration of its vehicles. In order to do this , we will examine the situation in the light of the six-step Hosmer’s moral reasoning process. This will include, among other aspects, an examination of the event in consideration of shareholder, stakeholder, and virtue theory. In addition to that, the authors will apply the Total Integrity Management model to Toyota’s actions in order to examine the moral integrity of the company as it pertains to trust. To conclude the paper, the authors will provide a normative statement regarding the actions of Toyota. ToShow MoreRelatedToyota s Ethics And Corporate Social Responsibility1267 Words   |  6 PagesThe purpose of this report is to examine if the reasoning behind well-known car manufacturer, Toyota’s loss of revenue and leading market position is alone as a result of extensive product recalls following a fatal crash of a Lexus ES 350 on August 28th 2009. The journal article, â€Å"Toyota Crisis: Management Issue?† (Yuanyuan Feng 2010) provides an outline of the key factors that triggered the 2009 Toyota crisis, and explores whether the fall in the company’s returns by 19% were caused purely as aRead MoreToyota Ethical Issues Essay1239 Words   |  5 PagesCurrent Ethical Issue in Business Toyota Ethical Issue Charlie Badell, Dawn Vinaguerra, Dotlyn Robertson, Farida Biobaku, Peter Daunoy HCS 350 July 18, 2011 John Muench, MSM Current Ethical Issue in Business Ethics are moral principles of knowing right and wrong. All human action comes under the ethics of right or wrong. In the corporate world, ethics may be known as moral business principles.    As defined by Crystal  (2010),  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Business ethics is the behaviorRead MoreToyota944 Words   |  4 PagesTOYOTA’S OPERATIONS STRATEGY Lean Manufacturing Toyota’s lean manufacturing has enabled the company to focus on consistent design and responsive approach to production operation. The company’s workforce is self-directed and motivated by output based measures and customer oriented criteria. The concepts of just in time (JIT), Kanban and respect for employees together with expedited problem solving approach (automated error correcting) has enabled the company to pursue lean innovations. Lean manufacturingRead MoreEssay on Toyota Global Domestic Marketing1331 Words   |  6 PagesGlobal and Domestic Marketing Toyota Motor Corporation conducts both domestic and global marketing with 51 overseas manufacturing companies in 26 countries and regions. Toyota’s vehicles are sold in more than 170 countries and regions (Toyota, 2010). This paper will identify the environmental factors that affect global and domestic marketing decisions and address how they relate to the marketing decisions by analyzing the influence of global economic interdependence and the effect of tradeRead MoreToyota: an Industrial Role Model1510 Words   |  7 PagesTOYOTA An Industry Role Model 5/19/2012 â€Æ' Toyota recognizes the impact their products have on the environment, and have taken the initiative to combat these issues. Through improvements in environmental information availability, active participation in environmental policies focusing on sustainable facilities and product developments, and self-criticism/evaluation to find flaws in critical operation tasks Toyota has become a role model in the automotive industry (Corporate PlanningRead MoreToyota Case Study : Toyota Motor Corporation1111 Words   |  5 PagesToyota Toyota Motor Corporation is well-respected Japanese company that designs, manufactures, assembles and sells motor vehicles and parts. History of the Company to Current Times In 1929 a Japanese inventor and founder of Toyoda Automatic Loom Works, Sakichi Toyoda, sold patent rights to a British company for one hundred thousand pounds (Bernasek 78). The money was used by his son, Kiichiro Toyoda, to establish an automobile division within Toyoda Automatic Loom Works, which in 1937 becameRead MoreBusiness Ethic Final Paper1697 Words   |  7 PagesA major car company by the name of Toyota was recently experiencing mechanical issues with some of their vehicles and there have been major fatalities cause by it. Toyota is trying to recall the models that are causing the problems, however, there are too many to recall and it will cost millions of dollars to fix the problem. Having a successful company requires that you practice and have good business ethics also. Toyota business ethics have come into question over its lack of concern for theRead MoreEthical Issues on Toyota4559 Words   |  19 Pagesremain in healthy competition, though today’s comp etitive world is discouraging small and big business brands to remain ethical. With WSI business opportunity, you can learn methods of becoming sue. What we have learnt from the course of Business Ethics? Course Description: Business ethics is an important part of any industry. Students or managers, unfamiliar with many ethical challenges, behaviors, or regulations will find themselves struggling in business industries that include finance, accountingRead MoreToyota New Zealand s Sustainability Marketing Report Essay3395 Words   |  14 PagesThis is Toyota New Zealand’s sustainability marketing report which communicates the economic, social and environmental influences of its tasks to stakeholders. The average growth rate of Toyota is calculated to +9.75% by analysis of annual survey from 2012 to 2017. The hybrid cars of Toyota had most selling in 2012. Toyota New works on the principles of dedication, working partnerships, certified standards, creativity and innovative management. Toyota supply chain strategy involves Toyota ProductionRead MoreToyotas Ethical Issues Essay1419 Words   |  6 PagesToyota issues in automotive industry resulted from a lack of moral and ethical obligations to loyal customers. In fact, people encounter ethics at one time or another. A business expectation is to act in manner upholding society values. According to authors Trevino and Nelson, (2004) states, â€Å"a set of moral principals or values, or the principals, norm, and standards of conduct governing a group or individual.† On the other hand, three ethical criteria determined in this discussion like obligation

Richard Swinburnes The Problem of Evil Gods E Essay Example For Students

Richard Swinburnes The Problem of Evil: Gods E Essay Richard Swinburnes The Problem of Evil: Gods ExistencePhilosophers have looked for ways to explain Gods existence for centuries. One such argment that the believer must justify in order to maintain thepossibility of Gods existence is the problem of evil. In his essay, TheProblem of Evil, by Richard Swinburne, the author attempts to explain how evilcan exist in a world created by an omniscient, omnipotent, omnibenevolent Being,namely God. Swinburne uses to free-will defense and says that God gave us achoice between doing good and doing evil. If someone chooses to do good overevil, then that Good is greater than if one had no choice at all but to do good. This is a weak argument and in order to clarify those weaknesses one can lookat Steven M. Cahns essay entitled Cacodaemony. This essay parallelsSwineburnes, but states that an omniscient, omnipotent, omnimalevolent Demoncreated the world. By looking at how weak the argument for cacodaemony is, onecan see how unlikely it is that the Demon exists and then can see that theexistence of God is just as unlikely. In The Problem of Evil, Swinburne says that an omniscient, omnipotent,omnibenevolent Being created the world. If this were true, how can evil existin this world? If God consciously knew He was creating a world in which thereis evil, then He would not be omnibenevolent. If God did not know He wascreating a world in which evil exists, then He would not be omniscient. If Godis omnipotent then He would be able to stop any evil from occurring. Either way,God would not be what Christianity makes him out to be. Swinburne argues thatthe theodicist, one who believes that it is not wrong for God to create a worldin which there is evil, can logically explain the existence of evil in the world. The main argument that the theodicist uses is the free-will defense, whichclaims that God gave humans the freedom to choose between doing acts of good andacts of evil. The theodicist argues that the good person could do is greater ifit is chosen instead of doing evil. It is better to choose to walk an elderlyperson across the road instead of deciding to push the elderly person in frontof an oncoming car. The theodicist believes that it is better for a person tohave that choice, though nearly everyone would naturally choose to help theperson across the street, than to have no choice at all and be forced to helpthat person. Swinburne writes that giving people a moral responsibility to dothe right thing is good. But if He did so by imposing a full character on ahumanly free creature, this would be giving him a character which he had not inany way chosen or adopted for himself (9). Swinburne believes that the freedomto choose and develop ones own character is a very important thing and e achperson deserves to have the ability to choose between Good and evil. This, however, does not justify the amount of pain and suffering in theworld. If someone were to consciously choose to do an evil act over a good one,the suffering caused to the innocent people involved would not be right. Thereare some people with mental disorders or those born with retardation that do nothave the ability to distinguish between right and wrong, or who sometimes sufferfrom lack of proper judgement. These people cannot make a choice between goodand evil, so sometimes they do evil acts, and sometimes they do good ones. Would it not be better for these people not to have the choice, a choice thatthey may not be fit to make? For example, a man who is schizophrenic may hearvoices that tell him to do something that he knows is morally wrong, such askill somebody. Would it not be better for God to intervene and make thispersons judgement better? It most certainly would be better for God tointervene and give this person a proper sense of right and wrong and the abilityto do the right thing. It would have been a better world if God had createdHitler so that he would not feel the need to order the massacre of millions ofJews. Swinburne, however, thinks that it is better for these people to have achoice to do wrong or to do right. The French and Indian War EssayThe existence of the Black Plague in medieval Europe caused suffering and deathto millions. It also resulted in the bettering of living conditions. The deathof one third of the population of Europe cannot be justified by the compassionfelt by those that lived towards those that die. Another example of aninstrumental good is penicillin. It was discovered and helped to cure polio andsaved many lives. The suffering of the many that contracted, suffered and diedfrom this disease cannot be justified by the few that fought to conquer thisdisease. It is not a good thing that Polio existed. Even if the theodicist still believes that the existence of God and theexistence of evil are compatible, by looking at Steven M. Cahns essayCacodaemony, one will see that they are not. In his essay, Cahn parallelsSwinburnes situation of the problem of evil with the problem of goodness. Cahnstates that it is equally likely that if an omniscient, omnipotent,omnibenevolent Being created the world, then an omniscient omnipotent,omnimalevolent Demon could have done the same. The problem that arises inCahns essay is: how could a world containing goodness have been created bythis all-powerful Demon? It exactly parallels the problem in Swinburnes essay,how could evil exist in a world created by God?Cahn attacks this problem by using the same argument that Swinburne uses,the free-will defense. Cahn also creates two types of good, just as Swinburnecategorized two types of evil. Cahn calls these goods moral goods, those humansdo for each other, and physical goods, those found in the human envir onment. Cahn writes that the Demon could have created a world in which humans do nothave the ability to do good, but this Demon has. Cahn writes that the Demon hasgiven humans free-will to choose to do evil or good. If one chooses evil overgood, then that evil is greater than if one had no choice at all but to do evil. The Demon thus had to provide human beings with freedom, so that they mightperform their bad actions volunarily, thus maximizing evil(23). Cahn writesthat the world wouldnot be as evil as it could be if the Demon made it so thateveryone was just evil. These arguments are not very convincing. Too many people choose good overevil for this to be the worst of all possible worlds, which is what it shouldbe if an omniscient, omnipotent, omnimalevolent Demon created it. This worldwould be more evil if the Demon made us inherently evil and goodness did noteven exist. If we were all made with the same characteristics as the Demon thenwe would be more evil than if we had to choose to come up with those evil traitson our own. This world would be a worse place if everyone just fought and hatedeach other, just like this world would be a better place if everyone waspeaceful and happy. This Demon could not exist because there is too much goodin the world, and that good does not get an adequate explanation. Since thearguments for Cacodaemony is disproved, so is the one for the theodicist, sincethese two arguments are equally likely and equally weak. By looking at Cahns Cacodaemony, one can see how improbably it is thatan omniscient, omnipotent, and omnimalevolent Demon created the world. Cahnsargument, however, exactly parallels Swinburnes in The Problem of Evil. Bothuse the free-will defense to attempt to explain how evil or goodness could existin a world created by God or a Demon. Both arguments have the same strength, asCahn notes, and both are very weak arguments. If it seems unlikely that anomniscient, omnipotent, omnimalevolent Demon created the world, then it is justas unlikely that an omniscient, omnipotent, omnibenevolent being created theworld. It is likely that neither God nor the Demon exists, and the problem ofevil and the problem of goodness wind up supporting the position of the atheist. Category: Philosophy

People’s Trust to the Government an Example of the Topic Psychology Essays by

People’s Trust to the Government The government has its own roles and obligations to the society and to its own people. Every decision of the government is vital to the decisions or point of view of its people or to the public. There are many causes for the public not to trust the government and these are more likely due to what the public perceives in the news, papers, etc. Some are true but some are also half truth and worst some are lies just to make good public impressions. Although some causes for the public not to trust government, there are also some which causes the public to trust the government. With the recent headlines which are influential to the people and to almost everyone publics are baffled or confused whether they would trust the government or not. Need essay sample on "Peoples Trust to the Government" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed Some trust the government because for them the government can answer many of their problems. Others trust their government because they know their government can provide things such as a postal system, highways, police protection, etc. The governments like the U.S. government have been established for the purpose of doing for its people what its people cannot do for themselves. For others they trust the government because they can be provided with Social Security, Medicare and the likes. Others trust the government because they can see how life span of its people is being elevated and a better living is being achieved due to advance researches funded by the government. Others trust the government because they believe that the government is providing the best plans and policies for the country. Most people who trust the government believes that their leaders believes in nation building and are working for the betterment of their country. They say that you cannot please everyone; some may also believe the opposite. Most people who do not trust the government believes that the country is hopeless due to its leaders and the nation cannot be revived without the leaders being replaced with good ones who are nationalistic and will serve the country wholeheartedly. They say that while the bureaucracy alone cannot restore the nations faith, civil servants attitudes, performance and efficiency do have a substantial effect on the public trust (Friel faith healers). Today there are many people who do not trust the government due to the bad decisions which were made and are being made by its government; one of this for example is the deployment of U.S. soldiers and its allies to other countries such as Iraq to aide its military needs which some believes isnt a wise decision. Others also believe that the government is destroying civil liberties like through wire tapping and the likes which make the government untrustworthy. Some believes that the government is placing harsh restrictions on the information available for the public and the press which restrict public freedom. These are some of the reasons and causes why the public dont trust the government. According to people press, distrust to the government is not only about the works of the government per se but more generally, significant part of this distrust reflects how people feel about the nation. The discontentment to the state of the nation is both a cause and an effect of distrust of government and both sentiments are expressions of a broader disillusionment to the country as a whole, which is not apparent in people's lives, nor an evident at the state and local levels of government (How Americans...). Works Cited Faith Healers. 30 August 1999. Government Executive. How Americans View Government. 01 March 1998. The Pew Research Center

Dlamming the door Essay Example

Dlamming the door Essay Example Dlamming the door Essay Dlamming the door Essay There was more to that poem but I would rather not finish it now. After writing that poem I crept out of the house. I knew then, that I had to go to that lake. I left the house, slamming the door as I went. I went through the park, not the childrens one but the big one, which connects to the old meadow and hill. No one had been there for a very long time. I ran through the park and through the meadow, twisting my ankle on long tufts of dead grass. Nobody looked after that meadow so it looked like a necropolis but smelt distinctively of manure. I ran to the peak of the big hill, feeling the cold breeze sweeping along my face. My adrenaline was pumping. As I was standing at the top of that hill, I dont remember how, but I suddenly slipped. I tumbled down and lost control. Although it was only two minutes it seemed to last forever. I was encrusted in leaves and dried mud. I got up brushing out my hair with my fingers like a clumsy comb. I looked straight ahead of me, and there right before my eyes was that lake. The one I saw in my dream or close enough anyway. I inhaled the stench of wet moss, the silence around me was deafening. I took a second glance at the lake. I kneeled down and touched the water. Beautiful cold water, ripples glistening. I took a deep breath One, two, three. I plunged forward. I lay there for a few minutes, and then I felt myself being lifted out of the water. I opened my eyes and struggled to sit up but a man was saying, No, lie down; you are going to be fine. I remember seeing flashing lights and hearing a policemans car siren. After that traumatic experience and a few counselling sessions, my mother decided it was best for us to move. We went to Birmingham. I tried to move on, but all those memories from killing those innocent creatures for revenge came back to haunt me. Years went by, I got married and had two children. I promised myself that my history would not repeat itself. I did not want to raise my children to be spineless, cold murderers. Sometimes I try to forget about my past, but deep down I know that the past will always lie beneath me. 4:00pm. The kids should be home any minute now. I heard keys rustling through the door. I put the kettle on. Everything should be fine now. Psychoanalysis is now complete. I moved on right?

Antigone Written Response Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Antigone Written Response - Essay Example A tragic figure is someone who indeed has pride but is compelled to have an open mind when it comes to matters that involve others. And being the kind, it was a premier characteristic for a tragic hero to understand the repercussions of his actions before he set forth in giving exacting decisions. The fact that being rejected made Creon decide the fate of a person based from personal grudges is simply not heroic. Although he does not qualify in the definition of a tragic figure, he still possesses some characteristics that can be treated with nobility. He came from a good lineage, albeit the fact that he inherited the crown with twisted means, and he has what it takes to take over an entire kingdom. His pride and composition makes for a talented king, one which will be able to defend his constituents when the need arises. However, his actions as a king must be measured. This he had proven as his weakness, for in the end he has led to the tragic affairs that would forever taint his rule. Compared with Antigone, Creon is the weaker character. Antigone is a good example of a tragic figure, one which clings to her ideals if she knows they are right and would demand to be heard before she made her own means. Her actions towards the burial of an important person prove how fearless she is. And when it comes to dying, she chose to die with honor. Creon, in contrary, lack the courage it took Antigone to take her own life. That and that alone, is enough proof that Creon is nothing like Antigone. He is nothing like the sort of man a woman could trust decisions in. He failed to discuss his options and saw the fruit of indecision leading to untoward events. As king, it was his obligation to care for his minions, which he never fulfilled with satisfaction. In argument, sympathy can be felt for him at the end of the play when the actions he had started led to a vile event that he had not seen coming. Indeed, no one would have

Bristol 2015 Green Capital of Europe, impact report Essay

Bristol 2015 Green Capital of Europe, impact report - Essay Example London, UK: Penguin Books 10 Simpson, R. and Zimmermann, M. 2012. The Economy of Green Cities: A World Compendium on the Green Urban Economy. London, UK: Springer Publications 11 Introduction Following the recent alarming rate of global warming and subsequent climate change, there has been increased calls and even introduction of new national and international policies that aim at ensuring individuals, organisations both for profit and non-profit engage in practices that are environmentally friendly and do not endanger climatic conditions nor increase the rate of global warming (McKibben, 2012). Equally, to promote these initiatives of environmental conservation various awards have been introduced in order to recognize the individuals, organizations, government agencies, and places that promote eco-friendly practices, which greatly contribute towards a reduction of global warming and even the damaging effects of climate change (Simpson and Zimmermann, 2012). One such award is the Eur opean Green Capital Award that is normally awarded to a European city, which has proven beyond doubt that it has promoted and instituted eco-friendly practices within the city and this are demonstrated by the actions of the city residents as well as the organizations that operate within the city including the government agencies and departments. Cohen (2011) added that the European Green Capital Award is normally issued as a reward to the efforts that have been made within the chosen city in improving the economic and environmental conditions, and even the quality of life for the urban dwellers. This present paper is an impact report on the award that was issued to Bristol City for the year 2015 by the European Green Capital Award. The report is divided into a three part series of which the first part analysis the key aspects of corporate social responsibility on a business framework that incorporates economic, social, and environmental issues. The second part details on how McDonal d’s Restaurant, which is located in Bristol show evident of triple bottom line in its practices and how generally the European Green Capital Award encourage business managers to embrace more initiative in keeping with the triple bottom line. The third part of the report details on the operational benefits that are sought and achieved from the evidence gathered from McDonald’s restaurants that have been scrutinized from the parameters of triple bottom line. Part 1 Triple Bottom Line With reference to the writings by Louiseize (2006), he wrote that the triple bottom line was developed as a framework for measuring the concept of sustainability within organizations. Jeurissen (2000) on his part stated that the triple bottom line is an accounting concept that not only measures the traditional accounting figures such as profits, shareholders’ value, and return on investments but rather it spans further to measuring the social and environmental aspects of an organizati on. Savitz (2012) stated that the triple bottom line concept provides a perfect framework for calculating the level of sustainability of a business, which is calculated basing on three factors that are classified as profits, people, and the planet. Whilst calculating the triple bottom line, Epstein (2008) stated that there is no defined standard of measure that is universally accepted, this is

French writing Essay Example for Free

French writing Essay Aujourdhui je vais parler de Chris Dean qui est un basketteur ami ricain qui est ni le dix-huit juin 1981 dans lOhio. Di s son plus jeune i ge, il a montri son talent pour le basket-ball et na pas arri ti de sameliorer afin quil devienne le meilleur. Chris a assisti Schol haute St Mary i Akron, oi en tant que freshman premii re anni e, il becams un starter pour leur i quipe premii re, il affiche en moyenne vingt-et-un points par match et a meni une victoire record. Dean a conduit ila St Mary vicroties consi cutives et a   surnommi Mr Basketball et becams le premier joueur de St Marie i i tre si lectionni pour jouer pour les Etats-Unis i quipe premii re. Doyens stats contunued pour ami liorer jusqui ce quil soit attribui gatorate nationales joueur de lanni e et quil i tait i ce moment son nouveau surnom King Dean est devenu un aliment de base des mi nages dans lOhio. Dean a continui ami liorer sa troisii me saison il affiche en moyenne 39 points par match et asurnommi Monsieur basket pour une troisii me anni e consi cutive et a i ti si lectionni pour li quipe ami ricaine dabord un temps de unpresidented tiers. Dean a aussi joui au football ami ricain, tout au St Mary et a i ti li cole receveur i claireurs beaucoup ont dit quil aurait pu jouer la NFL sil avait continui. Dean a fait ses di buts dabord dans 2003 quand il a i? si lectionni par le Caveliers Cleavland dans le projet de joueur. Plus tard dans la saison, Dean mener la caveliers i une victoire de point de 41 et becams le plus jeune joueur i marquer quarante points dans un match. Il a i ti nommi recrue MBA de lanni e en vue de ce fait. Dean a continui i jouer pour la Caveliers pour sept saisons jusqui ce quil soit transfi ri i la chaleur de Miami en 2010 pour un record de 19. 000. 000 dollars, ce qui est la plus grosse somme jamais consacri i un joueur. Plus tard cette anni e, il a i ti surnommi joueur le plus utile MBA. Plus tard dans la saison, Dean a accompli sa plus grande riussite et a termini premier dans la ligue de MBA pour la premii re fois, en moyenne 33 points par match, i galant Michael Jordens enregistrer et i venir en avance sur le li gendaire Wade Dwayne qui a termini deuxii me avec 29 points par match. Dean est actuellement incontesti dans le haut de la table MBA ligue avec une i tonnante des points par match et 39 personnes encore lappeler roi doyen En 2011 Dean est marii? Sophie Millard et ils ont eu deux enfants. Je pense que dans la saison ivenir Dean tentera dami liorer ses statistiques encore plus et peut-i tre une moyenne de quarante points par match, battant le record de Michael Jordan du 39. Jai i crit au sujet de Chris Dean parce quil a i ti mon basketteur pri fi ri depuis quil a commenci sa carrii re et il ma inspiri pour prendre le jeu, et, ce faisant, jai accompli de nombreuses ri alisations de la mienne, par exemple jouer pour Kent club de basket, je lespi re de continuer i soutenir le doyen jusqui sa retraite du basket-ball.

The Welfare Problem Essay -- Poor Welfare Government Essays

The Welfare Problem The poor are everywhere it seems. They are on the street corner, in the local 7 Eleven, and in the plaza. Sometimes I get sick of them and even angry with them when they pester me for money. I ask myself, "Is the best way to deal with poor, to give them money from my pocket?" It's obvious that other people have given them money from their pockets at different times. If no one had ever given them money, then these people wouldn't be standing here asking for money. The fact is, many poor people ask for money because they know they can get money that way. For most of the last 70 years our government has indirectly given the poor money from our pockets, through taxes and welfare. Not surprisingly, people have continued to ask for money. For most of those 70 years welfare fed the mentality that the best way to get money was to ask. I believe welfare as it was first started, failed miserably and created millions of dependents in poverty instead of independents above poverty. The welfare r eform of 1996, I believe has helped the poor escape from the trap of poverty and is a more beneficial way of dealing with the poor. The idea of the United States government assisting the poor financially, originated nearly 70 years ago (Modern Welfare Programs). The depression was in full flux and the American people were demanding help from the government. Franklin D. Roosevelt signed the first federal poverty assistance act called Aid to Dependent Children Act in 1935 (Background: Time for a new Approach). This laid the foundation of the current government entitlement program now called welfare. World War II brought thousands of jobs to America and slowed the growth of the entitlement program. A vast majority of people were employed either directly by the government or through other war related jobs. After the war the economy held strong for the next ten years (Modern Welfare Programs).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In 1962, President John F. Kennedy raised the current welfare payments and renamed the program, Aid to Families with Dependent Children. Kennedy allowed states to require work in order to receive welfare, but didn’t require it. Kennedy also laid out the new goal for welfare in America, it was to â€Å"end poverty, not just alleviate poverty† (Background: Time for a new Approach). Kennedy said welfare should be â€Å"a hand up, not a hand out." Welfare continued to change... ...amilies Program, Fourth Annual Report to Congress). Welfare Reform is causing the poor to work and it is lowering the poverty rate of Children. I believe that the old entitlement programs of the past 70 years led to an unnecessary dependence on the government for many people. Welfare reform has cut dependence on the government and helped thousands of people find work. It has helped people find meaning and value in life and commit less crime. Welfare reform is succeeding and I believe it is more compassionate on the poor person than the entitlement system. Welfare reform has provided much needed help for those poor who need help in finding a job. It also has provided a way for the poor to contribute in their communities and to become independent from the government. It's not the perfect system, but it sure is an improvement on the previous system of endless entitlements, that created over 15 million dependents on the government. As Christians we are called to have compassion on all people and I believe welfare reform is more compassionate on the poor than the entitlement system was. It helps them escape poverty instead of tra pping them in poverty. That is what I call success.

Feminist Approach to Witchcraft; Case Study: Miller’s the Crucible

Title: Re(dis)covering the Witches in Arthur Miller's The Crucible: A Feminist Reading Author(s): Wendy Schissel Publication Details: Modern Drama 37. 3 (Fall 1994): p461-473. Source: Drama Criticism. Vol. 31. Detroit: Gale. From Literature Resource Center. Document Type: Critical essay Bookmark: Bookmark this Document Full Text: COPYRIGHT 2008 Gale, Cengage LearningTitle Re(dis)covering the Witches in Arthur Miller's The Crucible: A Feminist Reading [(essay date fall 1994) In the following essay, Schissel offers a feminist reading of The Crucible, in an effort to deconstruct â€Å"the phallologocentric sanctions implicit in Miller's account of Abigail's fate, Elizabeth's confession, and John's temptation and death. ] Arthur Miller's The Crucible is a disturbing work, not only because of the obvious moral dilemma that is irresolutely solved by John Proctor's death, but also because of the treatment that Abigail and Elizabeth receive at Miller's hands and at the hands of critics. In forty years of criticism very little has been said about the ways in which The Crucible reinforces stereotypes of femme fatales and cold and unforgiving wives in order to assert apparently universal virtues. It is a morality play based upon a questionable androcentric morality.Like Proctor, The Crucible â€Å"[roars] down† Elizabeth, making her concede a fault which is not hers but of Miller's making: â€Å"It needs a cold wife to prompt lechery,†1 she admits in her final meeting with her husband. Critics have seen John as a â€Å"tragically heroic common man,†2 humanly tempted, â€Å"a just man in a universe gone mad,†3 but they have never given Elizabeth similar consideration, nor have they deconstructed the phallologocentric sanctions implicit in Miller's account of Abigail's fate, Elizabeth's confession, and John's temptation and death.As a feminist reader of the 1990s, I am troubled by the unrecognized fallout from the existential humanism that Mille r and his critics have held dear. The Crucible is in need of an/Other reading, one that reveals the assumptions of the text, the author, and the reader/critic who â€Å"is part of the shared consciousness created by the [play]. â€Å"4 It is time to reveal the vicarious enjoyment that Miller and his critics have found in a cathartic male character who has enacted their exual and political fantasies. The setting of The Crucible is a favoured starting point in an analysis of the play. Puritan New England of 1692 may indeed have had its parallels to McCarthy's America of 1952,5 but there is more to the paranoia than xenophobia–of Natives and Communists, respectively. Implicit in Puritan theology, in Miller's version of the Salem witch trials, and all too frequent in the society which has produced Miller's critics is gynecophobia–fear and distrust of women.The â€Å"half dozen heavy books† (36) which the zealous Reverend Hale endows on Salem â€Å"like a bridegro om to his beloved, bearing gifts† (132) are books on witchcraft from which he has acquired an â€Å"armory of symptoms, catchwords, and diagnostic procedures† (36). A 1948 edition of the 1486 Malleus Maleficarum (Hammer of Witches), with a foreword by Montague Summers, may have prompted Miller's inclusion of seventeenth-century and Protestant elucidations upon a work originally sanctioned by the Roman Church. Hale's books would be â€Å"highly misogynic† tomes, for like the Malleus they would be premised on the belief that â€Å"‘All witchcraft comes from carnal lust which in women is insatiable. ‘†7 The authors of the Maleus, two Dominican monks, Johan Sprenger and Heinrich Kraemer, were writing yet another fear-filled version of the apocryphal bad woman: they looked to Ecclesiasties which declares the wickedness of a woman is all evil †¦ there is no anger above the anger of a woman. It will be more agreeable to abide with a lion and a dr agon, than to dwell with a wicked woman †¦ rom the woman came the beginning of sin, and by her we all die. (25:17, 23, 33) The Crucible is evidence that Miller partakes of similar fears about wicked, angry, or wise women; even if his complicity in such gynecophobia is unwitting–and that is the most generous thing we can accord him, a â€Å"misrecognition† of himself and his reputation-conscious hero John as the authors of a subjectivity8 which belongs exclusively to men–the result for generations of readers has been the same.In Salem, the majority of witches condemned to die were women. Even so, Salem's numbers were negligible9 compared with the gynocide in Europe: Andrea Dworkin quotes a moderate estimate of nine million witches executed at a ratio of women to men of as much as 100 to 1. 10 Miller assures us in one of his editorial and political (and long and didactic) comments, that despite the Puritans' belief in witchcraft, â€Å"there were no witchesà ¢â‚¬  (35) in Salem; his play, however, belies his claim, and so do his critics.The Crucible is filled with witches, from the wise woman/healer Rebecca Nurse to the black woman Tituba, who initiates the girls into the dancing which has always been part of the communal celebrations of women healers/witches. 11 But the most obvious witch in Miller's invention upon Salem history is Abigail Williams. She is the consummate seductress; the witchcraft hysteria in the play originates in her carnal lust for Proctor. Miller describes Abigail as â€Å"a strikingly beautiful girl †¦ ith an endless capacity for dissembling† (8-9). In 1953, William Hawkins called Abigail â€Å"an evil child†;12 in 1967, critic Leonard Moss said she was a â€Å"malicious figure† and â€Å"unstable†;13 in 1987, June Schlueter and James Flanagan proclaimed her â€Å"a whore,†14 echoing Proctor's â€Å"How do you call Heaven! Whore! Whore! † (109); and in 1989, Bernard Dukore suggested that â€Å"if the ‘strikingly beautiful' Abigail's behaviour in the play is an indication, she may have been the one to take the initiative. 15 The critics forget what Abigail cannot: â€Å"John Proctor †¦ took me from my sleep and put knowledge in my heart! † (24). They, like Miller, underplay so as not openly to condone the â€Å"natural† behaviour of a man tempted to adultery because of a young woman's beauty and precociousness, her proximity in a house where there is also an apparently frigid wife, and the repression of Puritan society and religion. Abigail is a delectable commodity in what Luce Irigaray has termed a â€Å"dominant scopic economy. 16 We are covertly invited to equate John's admirable rebellion at the end of the play–against the unconscionable demands of implicating others in a falsely acknowledged sin of serving that which is antithetical to community (the Puritans called that antithesis the devil)–with h is more self-serving rebellion against its sexual mores. The subtle equation allows Miller not only to project fault upon Abigail, but also to make what is really a cliched act of adultery on John's part much more interesting.Miller wants us to recognize, if not celebrate, the individual trials of his existential hero, a â€Å"spokesman for rational feeling and disinterested intelligence† in a play about â€Å"integrity and its obverse, compromise. â€Å"17 Mary Daly might describe the scholarly support that Miller has received for his fantasy-fulfilling hero as â€Å"The second element of the Sado-Ritual [of the witch-craze] †¦ [an] erasure of responsibility. â€Å"18 No critic has asked, though, how a seventeen-year-old girl, raised in the household of a Puritan minister, can have the knowledge of how to seduce a man. The only rationale offered scapegoats another woman, Tituba, complicating gynecophobia with xenophobia. ) The omission on Miller's and his critics' p arts implies that Abigail's sexual knowledge must be inherent in her gender. I see the condemnation of Abigail as an all too common example of blaming the victim. Mercy Lewis's reaction to John is another indictment of the sexual precociousness of the girls of Salem. Obviously knowledgeable of John and Abigail's affair, Mercy is both afraid of John and, Miller says, â€Å"strangely titillated† as she â€Å"sidles out† of the room (21).Mary Warren, too, knows: â€Å"Abby'll charge lechery on you, Mr. Proctor† (80), she says when he demands she tell what she knows about the â€Å"poppet† to the court. John is aghast: â€Å"She's told you! † (80). Rather than condemning John, all these incidents are included to emphasize the â€Å"vengeance of a little girl† (79), and, I would add, to convince the reader who is supposed to sympathize with John (or to feel titillation himself) that no girl is a â€Å"good girl,† free of sexual knowledge, that each is her mother Eve's daughter.The fact is, however, that Salem's young women, who have been preached at by a fire and brimstone preacher, Mr. Parris, are ashamed of their bodies. A gynocritical reading of Mary Warren's cramps after Sarah Good mumbles her displeasure at being turned away from the Proctor's door empty-handed is explainable as a â€Å"curse† of a more periodic nature: But what does she mumble? You must remember, Goody Proctor. Last Month–a Monday, I think–she walked away, and I thought my guts would burst for two days after. Do you remember it? 58) The â€Å"girls† are the inheritors of Eve's sin, and their bodies are their reminders. Though, like all young people, they find ways to rebel–just because adolescence did not exist in Puritan society does not mean that the hormones did not flow–they are seriously repressed. And the most insidious aspect of that repression, in a society in which girls are not considered wome n until they marry (as young as fourteen, or significantly, with the onset of menses), is the turning of the young women's frustrations upon members of their own gender.It is not so strange as Proctor suggests for â€Å"a Christian girl to hang old women! † (58), when one such Christian girl claims her position in society with understandable determination: â€Å"I'll not be ordered to bed no more, Mr. Proctor! I am eighteen and a woman, however single! † (60). Paradoxically, of course, the discord only serves to prove the assumptions of a parochial society about the jealousies of women, an important aspect of this play in which Miller makes each woman in John's life claim herself as his rightful spouse: Elizabeth assures him that â€Å"I will be your only wife, or no wife at all! (62); and Abigail makes her heart's desire plain with â€Å"I will make you such a wife when the world is white again! † (150). To realize her claim Abigail has sought the help of vood oo–Tituba's and the court's–to get rid of Elizabeth, but not without clear provocation on John's part. Miller misses an opportunity to make an important comment upon the real and perceived competitions for men forced upon women in a patriarchal society by subsuming the women's concerns within what he knows his audience will recognize as more admirable communal and idealistic concerns.The eternal triangle motif, while it serves many interests for Miller, is, ultimately, less important than the overwhelming nobility of John's Christ-like martyrdom; against that the women's complaints seem petty indeed, and an audience whose collective consciousness recognizes a dutifully repentent hero also sees the women in his life as less sympathetic. 19 For Abigail and Elizabeth also represent the extremes of female sexuality–sultriness and frigidity, respectively–which test a man's body, endanger his spirit, and threaten his â€Å"natural† dominance or needs.In order to make Abigail's seductive capability more believable and John's culpability less pronounced, Miller has deliberately raised Abigail's age (â€Å"A Note on the Historical Accuracy of This Play†) from twelve to seventeen. 20 He introduces us to John and Abigail in the first act with John's acknowledgement of her young age. Abby–the diminutive form of her name is not to be missed–is understandably annoyed: â€Å"How do you call me child! † (23). We already know about his having â€Å"clutched† her back behind his house and â€Å"sweated like a stallion† at her every approach (22).Despite Abigail's allegations, Miller achieves the curious effect of making her the apparent aggressor in this scene–as critical commentary proves. Miller's ploy, to blame a woman for the Fall of a good man, is a sleight of pen as old as the Old Testament. There is something too convenient in the fact that â€Å"legend has it that Abigail turned up late r as a prostitute in Boston† (â€Å"Echoes Down the Corridor†). Prostitution is not only the oldest profession, but it is also the oldest evidence for the law of supply and demand. Men demand sexual services of women they in turn regard as socially deviant.Miller's statement of Abigail's fate resounds with implicit forgiveness for the man who is unwittingly tempted by a fatal female, a conniving witch. Miller's treatment of Abigail in the second scene of Act Two, left out of the original reading version and most productions but included as an appendix in contemporary texts of the play, is also dishonest. Having promised Elizabeth as she is being taken away in chains that â€Å"I will fall like an ocean on that court! Fear nothing† (78)–at the end of the first scene of Act Two–John returns to Abigail, alone and at night.The scene is both anticlimactic and potentially damning of the hero. What may have begun as Miller's attempt to have the rational Jo hn reason with Abigail, even with the defense that Elizabeth has adjured him to talk to her (61)–although that is before Elizabeth is herself accused–ends in a discussion that is dangerous to John's position in the play. Miller wants us to believe, as Proctor does â€Å"seeing her madness† when she reveals her self-inflicted injuries, that Abigail is insane: â€Å"I'm holes all over from their damned needles and pins† (149).While Miller may have intended her madness to be a metaphor for her inherent evil–sociologists suggest that madness replaced witchcraft as a pathology to be treated not by burning or hanging but by physicians and incarceration in mental institutions21–he must have realized he ran the risk of making her more sympathetic than he intended. Miller is intent upon presenting John as a man haunted by guilt and aware of his own hypocrisy, and to make Abigail equally aware, even in a state of madness, is too risky.Her long speech about John's â€Å"goodness† cannot be tolerated because its irony is too costly to John. Why, you taught me goodness, therefore you are good. It were fire you walked me through, and all my ignorance was burned away. It were a fire, John, we lay in fire. And from that night no woman dare call me wicked any more but I knew my answer. I used to weep for my sins when the wind lifted up my skirts; and blushed for shame because some old Rebecca called me loose. And then you burned my ignorance away. As bare as some December ree I saw them all–walking like saints to church, running to feed the sick, and hypocrites in their hearts! And God gave me strength to call them liars, and God made men to listen to me, and by God I will scrub the world clean for the love of Him! (150)22 We must not forget, either, when we are considering critical commentary, that we are dealing with an art form which has a specular dimension. The many Abigails of the stage have no doubt contributed to the unacknowledged view of Abigail as siren/witch that so many critics have.In Jed Harris's original production in 1953, in Miller's own production of the same year (to which the later excised scene was first added), and in Laurence Olivier's 1965 production, Abigail was played by an actress in her twenties, not a young girl. The intent on each director's part had to have been to make Abigail's lust for John believable. Individual performers have consistently enacted the siren's role: The eyes of Madeleine Sherwood, who played Abigail in 1953, glowed with lust †¦ [but] Perhaps the most impressive Abigail has been that of Sarah Miles in 1965. A â€Å"plaguingly sexy mixture of beauty and crossness† †¦Miles â€Å"reeks with the cunning of suppressed evil and steams with the promise of suppressed passion. â€Å"23 Only the 1980 production of The Crucible by Bill Bryden employed girls who looked even younger than seventeen. Dukore suggests that Bryden's solution to th e fact that John's â€Å"seduction of a teenage girl half his age appears not to have impressed [critics] as a major fault† was â€Å"ingenious yet (now that he has done it) obvious. â€Å"24 Abigail is not the only witch in Miller's play, though; Elizabeth, too, is a hag. But it is Elizabeth who is most in need of feminist reader-redemption.If John is diminished as Christian hero by a feminist deconstruction, the diminution is necessary to a balanced reading of the play and to a revised mythopoeia of the paternalistic monotheism of the Puritans and its twentieth-century equivalent, the existential mysticism of Miller. John's sense of guilt is intended by Miller to act as salve to any emotional injuries given his wife and his own conscience. When his conscience cannot be calmed, when he quakes at doing what he knows must be done in revealing Abigail's deceit, it is upon Elizabeth that he turns his wrath: Spare me! You forget nothin' and forgive nothin'.Learn charity, woman. I have gone tiptoe in this house all seven month since she is gone. I have not moved from there to there without I think to please you, and still an everlasting funeral marches round your heart. I cannot speak but I am doubted, every moment judged for lies, as though I come into a court when I come into this house. (54-55) What we are meant to read as understandably defensive anger–that is if we read within the patriarchal framework in which the play is written–must be re-evaluated; such a reading must be done in the light of Elizabeth's logic–paradoxically, the only â€Å"cold† thing about her.She is right when she turns his anger back on him with â€Å"the magistrate sits in your heart that judges you† (55). She is also right on two other counts. First, John has â€Å"a faulty understanding of young girls. There is a promise made in any bed† (61). The uninitiated and obviously self-punishing Abigail may be excused for thinking as she does (once again in the excised scene) that he is â€Å"singing secret hallelujahs that [his] wife will hang! † (152) Second, John does retain some tender feelings for Abigail despite his indignation.Elizabeth's question reverberates with insight: â€Å"if it were not Abigail that you must go to hurt, would you falter now? I think not† (54). John has already admitted to Abigail–and to us–in the first act that â€Å"I may think of you softly from time to time† (23), and he does look at her with â€Å"the faintest suggestion of a knowing smile on his face† (21). And John's use of wintry images of Elizabeth and their home in Act Two–â€Å"It's winter in her yet† (51)–echoes the imagery used by Abigail in Act One. 25 John is to Abigail â€Å"no wintry man,† but one whose â€Å"heat† has drawn her to her window to see him looking up (23).She is the one who describes Elizabeth as â€Å"a cold, snivelling woman† (24), but it is Miller's favoured imagery for a stereotypically frigid wife who is no less a witch (in patriarchal lore) than a hot-blooded sperm-stealer like Abigail. Exacerbating all of this is the fact that John lies to Elizabeth about having been alone with Abigail in Parris's house; Miller would have us believe that John lies to save Elizabeth pain, but I believe he lies out of a rationalizing habit that he carries forward to his death. Miller may want to be kind to Elizabeth, but he cannot manage that and John's heroism, too.Act Two opens with Elizabeth as hearth angel singing softly offstage to the children who are, significantly, never seen in the play, and bringing John his supper–stewed rabbit which, she says, â€Å"it hurt my heart to strip† (50). But in the space of four pages Miller upbraids her six times. First, John â€Å"is not quite pleased† (49) with the taste of Elizabeth's stew, and before she appears on stage he adds salt to it. Second, th ere is a â€Å"certain disappointment† (50) for John in the way Elizabeth receives his kiss. Third, John's request for â€Å"Cider? made â€Å"as gently as he can† (51) leaves Elizabeth â€Å"reprimanding herself for having forgot† (51). Fourth, John reminds Elizabeth of the cold atmosphere in their house: â€Å"You ought to bring flowers in the house †¦ It's winter in here yet† (51). Fifth, John perceives Elizabeth's melancholy as something perennial: â€Å"I think you're sad again† (51, emphasis added). And sixth, and in a more overtly condemning mood, John berates Elizabeth when he discovers that she has allowed Mary Warren to go to Salem to testify: â€Å"It is a fault, it is a fault, Elizabeth–you're the mistress here† (52).Cumulatively, these criticisms work to arouse sympathy for a man who would season his meal, his home, and his amour, a man who is meant to appeal to us because of his sensual awareness of spring's erotic promise: â€Å"It's warm as blood beneath the clods† (50), and â€Å"I never see such a load of flowers on the earth. †¦ Lilacs have a purple smell. Lilac is the smell of nightfall† (51). We, too, are seasoned to believe that John really does â€Å"[aim] to please† Elizabeth, and that Elizabeth is relentless in her admonishing of John for his affair, of which she is knowledgeable.It is for John that we are to feel sympathy when he says, â€Å"Let you look to your own improvement before you go to judge your husband more† (54). Miller has informed us of several ways in which Elizabeth could improve herself. Neil Carson claims that â€Å"Miller intends the audience to view Proctor ironically† in this scene; Proctor, he says, is â€Å"a man who is rationalising in order to avoid facing himself,† and at the beginning of Act Two â€Å"Proctor is as guilty as any of projecting his own faults onto others. 26 While I find much in Carson's enti re chapter on The Crucible as sensitive a criticism of the play as any written, I am still uncomfortable about the fact that a â€Å"tragic victory† for the protagonist27 necessarily means an admission of guilt for his wife–once again, it seems to me, a victim is being blamed. No critic, not even Carson, questions Miller's insistence that Elizabeth is at least partly to blame for John's infidelity. Her fate is sealed in the lie she tells for love of her husband because she proves him a liar: â€Å"as in All My Sons,† says critic Leonard Moss, â€Å"a woman inadvertently betrays her husband. 28 John has told several lies throughout the play, but it is Elizabeth's lie that the critics (and Miller) settle upon, for once again the lie fits the stereotype–woman as liar, woman as schemer, woman as witch sealing the fate of man the would-be hero. But looked at another way, Elizabeth is not a liar. The question put to her by Judge Danforth is â€Å"Is [present tense] your husband a lecher! † (113). Elizabeth can in good conscience respond in the negative for she knows the affair to be over. She has no desire to condemn the man who has betrayed her, for she believes John to be nothing but a â€Å"good man †¦ nly somewhat bewildered† (55). Once again, though, her comment condemns her because an audience hears (and Miller perhaps intends) condescension on her part. The patriarchal reading is invited by John's ironic response: â€Å"Oh, Elizabeth, your justice would freeze beer! † (55). What seems to be happening is that Goody Proctor is turned into a goody two-shoes, a voice of morality. Why we should expect anything else of Elizabeth, raised within a Puritan society and a living example of its valued â€Å"good woman,† escapes me.I find it amazing that the same rules made but not obeyed by â€Å"good† men can be used to condemn the women who do adhere to them. The other thing which Miller and the criti cs seem unwilling to acknowledge is the hurt that Elizabeth feels over John's betrayal; instead, her anger, elicited not specifically about the affair but about the incident with the poppet, following hard upon the knowledge of Giles Corey's wife having been taken, is evidence that she is no good woman. Her language condemns her: â€Å"[Abigail] is murder! She must be ripped out of the world! † (76).Anger in woman, a danger of which Ecclesiastes warns, has been cause for locking her up for centuries. After Elizabeth's incarceration, and without her persistent logic, Miller is able to focus on John and his sense of failure. But Elizabeth's last words as she is taken from her home are about the children: â€Å"When the children wake, speak nothing of witchcraft–it will frighten them. She cannot go on. †¦ Tell the children I have gone to visit someone sick† (77-78). I find it strange that John's similar concerns when he has torn up the confession– "I have three children–how may I teach them to walk like men in the world, and I sold my riends? † (143)–should be valued above Elizabeth's. Is it because the children are boys? Is it because Elizabeth is expected to react in the maternal fashion that she does, but for John to respond thus is a sign of sensitive masculinity? Is it because the communal as defined by the Word is threatened by the integrity of women? And why is maintaining a name more important than living? At least alive he might attend to his children's daily needs–after all, we are told about the sad situation of the â€Å"orphans walking from house to house† (130). 9 It would be foolish to argue that John does not suffer–that, after all, is the point of the play. But what of Elizabeth's suffering? She is about to lose her husband, her children are without parents, she is sure to be condemned to death as well. Miller must, once again, diminish the threat that Elizabeth offers to John's martyrdom, for he has created a woman who does not lie, who her husband believes would not give the court the admission of guilt â€Å"if tongs of fire were singeing† her (138).Miller's play about the life and death struggle for a man's soul, cannot be threatened by a woman's struggle. In order to control his character, Miller impregnates her. The court will not sentence an unborn child, so Elizabeth does not have to make a choice. Were she to choose to die without wavering in her decision, as both John and Miller think she would, she would be a threat to the outcome of the play and the sympathy which is supposed to accrue to John.Were she to make the decision to live, for the reasons which Reverend Hale stresses, that â€Å"Life, woman, life is God's most precious gift; no principle, however glorious, may justify the taking of it† (132), she would undermine existential integrity with compromise. I am not reading another version of The Crucible, one which Mi ller did not intend, but rather looking at the assumptions inherent in his intentions, assumptions that Miller seems oblivious to and which his critics to date have questioned far too little.I, too, can read the play as a psychological and ethical contest which no one wins, and of which it can be said that both John and Elizabeth are expressions of men and women with all their failings and nobility, but I am troubled by the fact that Elizabeth is seldom granted even that much, that so much is made of Elizabeth's complicity in John's adultery, and that the victim of John's â€Å"virility,†30 Abigail, is blamed because she is evil and/or mad. I do want to question the gender stereotypes in the play nd in the criticism that has been written about it. Let me indulge finally for a moment in another kind of criticism, one that is a fiction, or more precisely, a â€Å"crypto-friction† that defies â€Å"stratifications of canonical thought† and transgresses generic boun daries of drama/fiction and criticism. 31 Like Virginia Woolf I would like to speculate on a play written by a fictional sister to a famous playwright. Let us call Arthur Miller's wide-eyed younger sister, who believes she can counter a scopic economy by stepping beyond the mirror, Alice Miller.In Alice's play, Elizabeth and John suffer equally in a domestic problem which is exacerbated by the hysteria around them. John does not try to intimidate Elizabeth with his anger, and she is not described as cold or condescending. Abigail is a victim of an older man's lust and not inherently a â€Å"bad girl†; she is not beautiful or if she is the playwright does not make so much of it. Her calling out of witches would be explained by wiser critics as the result of her fear and her confusion, not her lust.There is no effort made in Alice's play to create a hero at the expense of the female characters, or a heroine at the expense of a male character. John is no villain, but–as a nother male victim/hero character, created by a woman, describes himself–â€Å"a trite, commonplace sinner,†32 trying to right a wrong he admits–without blaming others. Or, here is another version, written by another, more radical f(r)ictional sister, Mary Miller, a real hag. In it, all the witches celebrate the death of John Proctor.The idea comes from two sources: first, a question from a female student who wanted to know if part of Elizabeth's motivation in not pressing her husband to confess is her desire to pay him back for his betrayal; and second, from a response to Jean-Paul Sartre's ending for the film Les Sorcieres de Salem. In his 1957 version of John Proctor's story, Sartre identifies Elizabeth â€Å"with the God of prohibiting sex and the God of judgment,† but he has her save Abigail, who tries to break John out of jail and is in danger of being hanged as a traitor too, because Elizabeth realizes â€Å"‘she loved [John]. † As the film ends, â€Å"Abigail stands shocked in a new understanding. â€Å"33 In Mary Miller's version Elizabeth is not identified with the male God of the Word, but with the goddesses of old forced into hiding or hanged because of a renaissance of patriarchal ideology. Mary's witches come together, alleged seductress and cold wife alike, not for love of a man who does not deserve either, but to celebrate life and their victory over male character, playwright, and critics, â€Å"‘men in power' †¦ ho create and identify with the roles of both the victimizers and the victims,† men who Mary Miller would suggest â€Å"vicariously enjoyed the women's suffering. â€Å"34 Notes 1. Arthur Miller, The Crucible (New York, 1981), 137. The play was originally published in 1953, but all further references to The Crucible are to the 1981 Penguin edition, and will be noted parenthetically in the text. 2. June Schlueter and James K. Flanagan, Arthur Miller (New York, 1987), 68. 3. Neil Carson, Arthur Miller (New York, 1982), 61. 4. Sandra Kemp, â€Å"‘But how describe a world seen without self? Feminism, fiction and modernism,† Critical Quarterly 32:1 (1990), 99-118: 104. 5. Miller's interest in the Salem witchcraft trials predated his confrontation with McCarthyism (see E. Miller Budick, â€Å"History and Other Spectres in The Crucible,† Arthur Miller, ed. Harold Bloom (New York, 1987), 127-28, but it is also clear from the Introduction to Miller's Collected Plays Vol 1 (New York, 1957) that he capitalized upon popular response and critical commentary which linked the two. Miller has been, it seems, a favoured critic on the subject of Arthur Miller. 6. In 1929 George L.Kittredge published a work called Witchcraft in Old and New England (Cambridge) in which he remarked that â€Å"the doctrines of our forefathers differed [in regard to witchcraft] from the doctrines of the Roman and Anglican Church in no essential–one may safely ad d, in no particular† (21). In GynEcology: The Metaethics of Radical Feminism (Boston, 1978), Mary Daly says that during the European witch burnings–she does not deal with the Salem witch trials–Protestants â€Å"vied with and even may have surpassed their catholic counterparts in their fanaticism and cruelty† (185-86). . Cited by Peter Conrad and Joseph W. Schneider, Deviance and Medicalization: From Badness to Sickness, expanded edition (Philadelphia, 1992), 42. 8. Chris Weedon, Feminist Practice and Poststructuralist Theory (Oxford, 1987), 30-31. 9. â€Å"[N]ineteen women and men and two dogs were hanged, one man was pressed to death for refusing to plead, and 150 were imprisoned† (see Schlueter and Flanagan, 72). 10. â€Å"Remembering the Witches,† Our Blood: Prophecies and Discourses on Sexual Politics (London, 1982), 16-17.See also the 1990 National Film Board production, The Burning Times, directed by Donna Read, which declares the Euro pean executions for witchcraft to have been a â€Å"women's holocaust. † Of the nine million people the film numbers among the burned, hanged, or otherwise disposed of, 85 per cent, it reports, were women. 11. The Burning Times discusses at length the place of women healers in Third-World cultures. 12. From Hawkins's review of the play in File on Miller, ed. Christopher Bigsby (London, 1988), 30. 3. Leonard Moss, Arthur Miller (New York, 1967), 60, 63. 14. Schlueter and Flanagan, 69. 15. Bernard Dukore, â€Å"Death of a Salesman† and â€Å"The Crucible†: Text and Performance (Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire and London, 1989), 50. 16. Luce Irigaray, â€Å"This Sex Which Is Not One,† New French Feminisms: An Anthology, ed. Elaine Marks and Isabelle de Courtivron (Amherst, 1980), 101. 17. The only critic I have read who has made comments even remotely similar to my own regarding Abigail is Neil Carson.In a 1982 book he remarks that â€Å"Abigail is portr ayed as such an obviously bad piece of goods that it takes a clear-eyed French critic to point out that Proctor was not only twice the age of the girl he seduced, but as her employer he was breaking a double trust† (75). Despite his insight, when it comes to explaining the effect of Miller's omission of detail regarding the early stages of the affair, he does not, I think, realize its full implications.He says that â€Å"Proctor's sense of guilt [seems] a little forced and perhaps not really justified,† but I think the choice was deliberately made so as to minimize John's guilt and emphasize his redemption as an existential man. Conversely, Abigail is more easily targeted (as the critics prove) for her active role in her seduction. 18. Daly, 187. 19. Carol Billman (â€Å"Women and the Family in American Drama,† Arizona Quarterly 36: 1 [1980], 35-48) discusses the study of â€Å"everyman† made in the family dramas of O'Neill, Williams, Albee, and Miller (al though she does not mention The Crucible): â€Å"women ecessarily occupy a central position, [but] little attention is paid to their subordination or suffering. †¦ Linda Loman [and I would add Elizabeth Proctor] †¦ suffers at least as much as her husband† (36-7). Victoria Sullivan and James Hatch, as well, have complained about the standards of review: â€Å"‘a complaining female protagonist is automatically less noble than Stanley Kowalski or Willy Loman †¦ [only] men suffer greatly'† (quoted in Billman, 37, emphasis added). 20. Carson, 66.In a play that is historically accurate in so many ways, it is significant to note that the affair between John and Abigail was invented by Miller (Dukore, 43). 21. Conrad and Schneider, 43. 22. I think that whether or not one sees the irony as intentional on Abby's part, she becomes more sympathetic. If intentional we can agree with her realization that John's hypocrisy was least when he was seducing her; he is a commonplace lecher. If Abigail is not cognizant of the extent of the irony of what she is saying, then she truly is too young–or too emotionally disturbed–to understand the implications of what she is doing.Carson again comes close to making a very astute judgment about Abigail's awareness of events going on around her: â€Å"It seems clear that we are to attribute at least a little of Abby's ‘wildness' and sensuality to her relationship with John, and to assume that the ‘knowledge' which Proctor put in Abigail's heart is not simply carnal, but also includes some awareness of the hypocrisy of some of the Christian women and covenanted men of the community† (68). Carson's insight, however, is limited by his belief in the â€Å"‘radical' side of Proctor's nature,† something with which modern audiences are sure to identify.The problem here is that the focus is once more removed from Abigail's plight to her vicarious participation in one more of John Proctor's admirable traits, for his â€Å"is not a simple personality like that of Rebecca Nurse† (68). 23. Dukore, 102. 24. Ibid. , 95. 25. One critic, who celebrates John's â€Å"playfulness† and who does not want his description of John as a liar to be taken in a pejorative sense, suggests that John and Abigail share a kindred spirit: â€Å"The physical attractiveness of Abby for John Proctor is obvious in the play, ut, I think, so is the passionate imagination which finds its outlet in one way in her and in another in Proctor† (William T. Liston, â€Å"John Proctor's Playing in The Crucible,† Midwest Quarterly: A Journal of Contemporary Thought 20:4 (1979), 394-403: 403). John is a liar–that is part of his guilt–and to suggest that Abigail offers John something that Elizabeth does not condemns Elizabeth and exonerates John even more than Miller intends. 26. Carson, 69-70. 27. Ibid. , 75. 28. Leonard Moss, Arthur Miller, revi sed edition (Boston, 1980), 40, emphasis added. 29.I think it significant that the orphans are but one of the wasted possessions unattended to in Salem. The next part of the same sentence mentions abandoned cattle bellowing and rotted crops stinking. Miller has described a material and contemporary world. 30. Richard Hayes, â€Å"Hysteria and Ideology in The Crucible,† Twentieth Century Interpretations of â€Å"The Crucible,† ed. John H. Ferres (Englewood Cliffs, 1972), 34. I find it interesting and instructive that a 1953 review of the play uses the term to describe Arthur Kennedy's portrayal of John Proctor. 31. Aritha Van Herk, In Visible Ink (crypto-frictions) (Edmonton, 1991), 14. 2. Charlotte Bronte, Jane Eyre (Harmondsworth, 1984), 160. 33. Eric Mottram, â€Å"Jean-Paul Sartre's Les Sorcieres de Salem,† Twentieth Century Interpretations of â€Å"The Crucible,† 93, 94. 34. Daly, 215. Source Citation Schissel, Wendy. â€Å"Re(dis)covering the Witche s in Arthur Miller's The Crucible: A Feminist Reading. † Modern Drama 37. 3 (Fall 1994): 461-473. Rpt. in Drama Criticism. Vol. 31. Detroit: Gale, 2008. Literature Resource Center. Web. 27 July 2011. Document URL http://go. galegroup. com/ps/i. do? &id=GALE%7CH1420082425&v=2. 1&u=uq_stpatricks&it=r&p=LitRC&sw=w Gale Document Number: GALE|H1420082425

Article Review On Motivation Myths By Tao De Haas Essay

Motivation Myths By Tao De Haas | Submitted On March 19, 2012 Recommend Article Article Comments Print Article Share this article on Facebook 1 Share this article on Twitter Share this article on Google+ Share this article on Linkedin Share this article on StumbleUpon Share this article on Delicious Share this article on Digg Share this article on Reddit Share this article on Pinterest Expert Author Tao De Haas Myth 1: Motivation is something you ve got or you haven t Fact: Motivation levels are different in different people. Some people seem to be highly motivated most of the time. But before you think you are one of those people with low motivation think again. Generally we are motivated by things that matter to us, by the things we value, that are meaningful and purposeful to us. Those people who are highly motivated often have a very compelling reason to be motivated; the more compelling the reason the higher the motivation. For most people it is a matter of finding out what it is that compels them and motivation will follow. Myth 2: You need to be positive in order to be motivated Fact: While perhaps not obvious on the surface, you might be surprised to learn that fear is often a motivator. Most people would have heard of the carrot or stick principle; move towards the carrot and away from the stick. Some people are motivated by the reward, the gain, while others might be more motivated by fear, discomfort, potential loss or pain. Gain and pain are both