King Tut Essay examples -- essays research papers

Lord Tutankhamen The Boy King Lord Tutankhamen ,or King Tut, was probably the most youthful ruler to rule over any nation. “The Boy King'; is best associated with his heavenly memorial service treasures, including his expand brilliant internment cover. Lord Tut accomplished a proportion of eternality through his sparkling entombment treasures. Â â â â â King Tut was an Egyptian pharaoh of the eighteenth tradition who ruled from around 1348 to 1339 BC. His name can be spelled an assortment of ways including Tutankhamen, Tutankhamon, or Tutankhamun. There is a puzzle, however, encompassing his name. Scientists have no clue about where it originated from on the grounds that his folks are obscure. He became lord during the time of rearrangement that followed the demise of his dad in-law, the pharaoh Akhenaton. The kid ruler wedded Akhenaton’s third girl to fortify his case to the seat and took the name Tutankhaton meaning “gracious of life is Aton.'; After under three years of living arrangement at Akhetaton he changed his name to Tutankhamen. Since Tut was just nine or ten when he became pharaoh the bearing of the state was lapsed onto a more seasoned authority named Ay. ( He succeeded Tut when he kicked the bucket.) Â Â Â Â Â When Tut was alive, anyway the Egyptians had a pizazz for messing around and recounting stories. All Egyptians appreciated challenges and stories, however the well off sought after those side interests with a rich prosper. Sovereignty, for example, Tut, was depicted on the dividers of his burial place playing the game senet, which reenacted the journey for everlasting satisfaction in the afterlife. This game is played on a checkerboard table with thirty squares orchestrated in three equal lines. Every one of two players has an equivalent number of counters (extending from five to seven) in two arrangement of various shapes. The counters are moved with sticks or little bones. Â â â â â The objective of the game is to get no matter how you look at it with your counters following a S-molded way while beating or obstructing those of your foe; the match is dominated when you get every one of your counters off the board. The fifteenth square and the last five squares bear pictures or hieroglyphic engravings that signify a unique status, either positive or negative, for the counter that lands on them. Dominating this match permits the expired to conquer any troubles required during his excursion and to and... ...khamen’s name implied. Imn = Amun, Tut = Image, Ankh = Living. This is the importance of his last name, Living picture of Amun. Â â â â â “Can see anything ?'; “Yes,'; Carter answered, “wonderful things.'; Such were the expressions of Howard Carter on February 17, 1923 as the paleontologist looked into the multi year old obscurity of Pharaoh Tutankhamen’s entombment chamber and everlastingly changed the extent of man’s creative mind. Carter and his group of the world’s most prominent archeological specialists revealed what are without a doubt among the best wealth of this or any known time. The name Tutankhamen, in actuality a moderately irrelevant youthful lord, has gotten incredible and has besides accepted a situation in our jargon and social ethos equaled by scarcely any different figures of antiquated history. Of the occasions which straightforwardly followed that earth shattering day in 1923, we are totally bewildered. By 1929, twenty-two individuals who had been either straightforwardly or in a roundabout way associated with the exhumati on of Tut and his fortunes were dead, much of the time, of undiagnosable causes. Was this only a flook or was it the scourge of King Tutankhamen.

Sotos Black Hair Essay -- Soto Black Hair Essays

Soto's Black Hair The title of Soto’s â€Å"Black Hair† is normal. The picture that structures from the shading â€Å"black† filling in as a descriptive word to depict the basic thing â€Å"hair† paints a commonplace picture that doesn't take into account any investigation underneath this solid picture. Be that as it may, in situations where the title isn't an allurement, the substance of the sonnet is generally to a greater degree a test and Soto’s â€Å"Black Hair† is an ideal model. As the title recommends, there are many solid pictures and figures introduced all through the sonnet, however after a nearby perusing it is clear that the basic subjects of family and culture lay underneath these unmistakable pictures through the beautiful components of the metonymy, the representation, shading symbolism, and the play on words. The sonnet starts by presenting the principle figure in the sonnet, a normally gifted baseball player named Hector Moreno. To the storyteller, the sport of baseball is something beyond a straightforward game, â€Å"it [is] a figure †Hector Moreno† (6). Portraying Hector Moreno at first as a figure firmly connected with the sport of baseball shows exactly how loved an individual Hector is in the narrator’s mind. This picture of Hector Moreno is very concrete, yet as the sonnet proceeds, the storyteller communicates to the peruser that his dad kicked the bucket at some point during his adolescence, as â€Å"his [father’s] face no longer [hangs] over the table† (18). Out of nowhere the picture of Hector Moreno isn't as concrete as it initially shows up, particularly through the lines paving the way to Moreno’s first appearance on the baseball field â€Å"in the extending shade† (4-5). The shadow of the narrator’s father over the supp er table when he was a kid has now appeared as Moreno’s figure in the shade over the baseball field since the narrator’s father has passed on. This underlying me... ...se, watching Moreno contact home plate resembles the storyteller being invited into the arms of the â€Å"brown people† (30). Due to his troublesome home life, the storyteller discovers solace and love amidst baseball and his Mexican culture. Soto’s â€Å"Black Hair† is an ideal case of a sonnet that is viable through close examination of certain solid pictures which hold the way in to the establishment of the sonnet and its basic subjects. In this sonnet, the widespread subjects of family and culture are covered up under the figure of Hector Moreno, the picture of the narrator’s hair, just as the all-inclusive baseball analogy about culture. Despite the fact that the title may appear to be normal from the start, the test that the sonnet presents through its association of solid pictures and subjects is extremely interesting, and the topics are clarified through the viable utilization of certain wonderful components.

Common Sense :: essays research papers

The Declaration of Independence What's more, crafted by Thomas Paine: Common Sense      The handout Common Sense, made by Thomas Paine, was important to educating the individuals regarding how they owed no devotion to Britain. I am additionally a solid adherent that this report in a roundabout way helped lead to one of the key parts prompting the American Revolution, The Declaration of Independence.      Thomas Paine had flopped in different professions as a corseter, sailor, and assessment official. He at that point met Benjamin Franklin who helped him move to Philadelphia, where his news coverage vocation started. He composed the flyer Common Sense, which was a solid barrier of American Independence from Britain. Without his energetic, persuading words we may never have had the same number of homesteaders with a devoted perspective.      I’m miserable to express that after this incredible commitment to his nation he came back to England, participating in different disasters. He was imprisoned for not supporting the execution of King Louis XVI. While in prison he turned into a skeptic and composed â€Å"The Age of Reason† which turned into the principal area of the deist-agnostic content. In any event he helped impacted the American Revolution, and that’s what I figure we ought to recall him by. With respect to the Declaration of Independence, I accept that his words affected the agents of the states, just as the normal American. On July fourth 1776 the thirteen states consistently passed the Declaration of Independence, which was composed by Thomas Jefferson. He was picked in light of his notable aptitude of readable composition. It was not that the thoughts appeared of the report those of his own, however the mutual thoughts of numerous delegates, who might later on verification check Thomas’ work to ensure no critical thoughts were forgotten about.      In the Declaration of Independence rights that despite everything exist today are first introduced.

Why Does Plato Considers Ordinary Human Existence to...

WHY DOES PLATO COMPARE ORDINARY HUMAN EXISTENCE TO THAT OF CHAINED PRISONERS IN A CAVE? Plato in his famous Allegory of Cave compared the ordinary human existence to that of chained prisoners in a cave. According to Plato, we are all stuck in a false reality in this world like prisoners in a cave. His cave theory still applies today in the sense that the people are influenced and controlled by the world around them. They do not want to realize or seek the truth; instead they wish to live in the comfort zone inside the cave. THE ALLEGORY OF THE CAVE: PLATO, REPUBLIC. Plato assumed the existence of human life in a cave. In his view, human beings are tied as prisoners in a cave and they could only see the shadows of real†¦show more content†¦Why we are living with shadows? Whether we are all ignorant? Or we are all lazy enough to find out the reality? Or we are slaves of these shadows? Is everything we saw are lies, then what is the real truth? Is knowledgeable realm, form of good is the last thing to be seen? According to Plato, the shadows inside the cave are â€Å"illusion†. Buddha’s first expression of enlightment was â€Å"all is illusion† .All Buddhist practices aimed at disabusing a person of their illusions. Presently Buddhism teaches to pierce through the two veils of illusion, which are conflicting emotions and false beliefs about reality. Everything is illusion in this world. According to Advaita school of Vedanta, Brahman is the only reality; the appearance of dualities and differences in this world is a superimposition on Brahman, called Maya. Maya is the illusionary and creative aspect of Brahman. Advaita accepts Plato’s view on reality. Everything inside the cave is shadows and are false realities. These are temporary. Likewise everything in this world is illusion and is temporary. According to Buddhism, ‘reflection of yourself’ is enlightment. Reflection means finding answers for ‘Who am I ?’ ‘Why am I here?’ ‘Where do I go after death?’ ‘What will I be?’But Plato’s view is that knowing reality is enlightment. Reality means form of good. Mahayana Sutra says; â€Å"The truth was never preached by the Buddha, seeing thatShow MoreRelatedWhy Does Plato Considers Ordinary Human Existence to Thatos Chained Prisoners in a Cave1633 Words   |  7 PagesWHY DOES PLATO COMPARE ORDINARY HUMAN EXISTENCE TO THAT OF CHAINED PRISONERS IN A CAVE? Plato in his famous Allegory of Cave compared the ordinary human existence to that of chained prisoners in a cave. According to Plato, we are all stuck in a false reality in this world like prisoners in a cave. His cave theory still applies today in the sense that the people are influenced and controlled by the world around them. They do not want to realize or seek the truth; instead they wish to live in Why Does Plato Considers Ordinary Human Existence to... WHY DOES PLATO COMPARE ORDINARY HUMAN EXISTENCE TO THAT OF CHAINED PRISONERS IN A CAVE? Plato in his famous Allegory of Cave compared the ordinary human existence to that of chained prisoners in a cave. According to Plato, we are all stuck in a false reality in this world like prisoners in a cave. His cave theory still applies today in the sense that the people are influenced and controlled by the world around them. They do not want to realize or seek the truth; instead they wish to live in the comfort zone inside the cave. THE ALLEGORY OF THE CAVE: PLATO, REPUBLIC. Plato assumed the existence of human life in a cave. In his view, human beings are tied as prisoners in a cave and they could only see the shadows of real things†¦show more content†¦Shadows are fake realities and they make us believe that they are the forms of reality. Several companies cheat the general public by mere advertisements. For example, pharmaceutical industries they produce drugs and they often chang e the content inorder to make sales and to earn profit. We have to figure out what is real and true. The media especially television and radio telecast only the assumptions rather than on reality. On the other hand, government is hiding everything and the politicians create the atmosphere of fake reality and they never tell the truth. For example, the American government started screening the sites of radio during the Vietman war inorder to hide the truth from the people. Thus, human beings exist in a place which is full of fake realities. According to â€Å"consciousness in Advaita Vedanta† by William.M.Indich, ‘form of the good, which is the supreme form of divine reason and thus the highest possible object of knowledge for individual soul or consciousness’. Advaita School of philosophical thought and the Plato’s views considers form of good as the divine form of knowledge and enlightment. In both schools of thought light plays an important role. Reachin g or Attaining light is enlightment. In the same book, â€Å"consciousness in Advaita Vedanta† William.M.Indich, â€Å"light of divine reason in Plato’s analogy not only accounts for the power by which the soul knows but also is the source of existence and essence of formsShow MoreRelatedWhy Does Plato Considers Ordinary Human Existence to Thatos Chained Prisoners in a Cave1618 Words   |  7 PagesWHY DOES PLATO COMPARE ORDINARY HUMAN EXISTENCE TO THAT OF CHAINED PRISONERS IN A CAVE? Plato in his famous Allegory of Cave compared the ordinary human existence to that of chained prisoners in a cave. According to Plato, we are all stuck in a false reality in this world like prisoners in a cave. His cave theory still applies today in the sense that the people are influenced and controlled by the world around them. They do not want to realize or seek the truth; instead they wish to live

The American Foundation Of Suicide Prevention - 935 Words

The American Foundation of Suicide Prevention is a non-profit organization acknowledges that suicide and mental health problems are part of our society and by understanding this we can better support those in need, and suicide affects a tremendous amount of people and proper education and treatment can prevent people from committing suicide. â€Å"Each year in the United States, suicide claims over 40,000 lives - more than war, murder, and natural disasters combined†¦Suicide is not just a faceless health issue for our society - it affects real people.† (1.) The American Foundation for Suicide Prevention (AFSP) which was founded in 1987, is one of the leaders in fighting against suicide by offers research, education to those in need, and supports those people and their families that are affected by suicide. The AFSP has been funding research to better understand suicidal risk like the â€Å"Family-Based Study of Arginine Vasopressin Receptor-1B Association and Interaction with Stressful Life Events on Depression and Anxiety in Suicide Attempts†(3), which emphasis is in neuropsychopharmacology. The research that the AFSP has also done extensive research in Neurobiological, Genetic, Psychosocial, Community Intervention, Survivor Studies, International Studies, and Clinical Treatment like ECT (eclectic convulsive therapy).(2) The AFSP gathers research form privet researchers that the organization that helps sponsors by offering grants to expand the knowledge and understanding of mentalShow MoreRelatedPersuading for Donations and Involvement with the American Foundation for Suicide Prevention632 Words   |  3 Pagesand or get involved with the American Foundation for Suicide Prevention. We all are going to pass on and die eventually. It is a fact. That’s how the circle of li fe works. You never know when it’s going to happen. Unless your one of the 38,364 people who committed suicide in 2010, if you were then you new exactly that you were going to die that day, cause they planned it. Isn’t that a horrible thought? Planning your own death. The American Foundation for Suicide Prevention national not-for-profit organizationRead MoreThe American Foundation For Suicide Prevention Essay2037 Words   |  9 Pagesevery 13 minutes, someone commits suicide in the U.S (http://www.save.org/). Whether your friends or acquaintances, chances are you will know someone who has committed suicide. However, this doesn’t have to be the case. Urban Meyer, current coach of the Ohio State football team, once stated, â€Å"Are you going to be the problem or the solution?† An organization known as the American Foundation for Suicide Prevention (AFSP) has decided they will be the solution to suicide. Depression takes a toll on 20-25%Read MoreEssay on Samurais and Honorable Suicide1592 Words   |  7 Pagesdisappear from our lives without explanation. No letter, note or goodbye, they just leave us to never return. Death, or in this situation suicide, where you may never know why they did it. Just left with loose ends that will never be tied up. For others its a glorious thing, they accept it as a way of life or something that has to be done to â€Å"save† them or their family. Suicide is looked at differently in a particular cultures compared to how other cultures do. The samurais see it as honor to them or theirRead MorePersonal Narrative : Personal Experience1400 Words   |  6 PagesEye opening moments are far and few between. In that one moment, your entire perspective shatters and you realize that what you thought you knew, you didn t know at all. After the suicide of my best friend, I realized how dangerous addiction could be, but I still couldn t fully understand it. I went two years after his death constantly wondering what he really experienced. Talking to our mutual friends, his little sister, and his parents reminded me of how kind and happy Conner had been. Not untilRead MoreThe Suicide Of North Carolina900 Words   |  4 Pagesattempt to commit suicide, whether this leads to hospitalizations or completed suicides; this makes suicide one of the leading causes of death in North Carolina. Members of the community identified as having the highest suicide attempts and deaths are between the ages 10-24 and 45-64 (American Foundation for Suicide Prevention 2015). Also, out of these attempts and deaths, white men compose approximately seventy percent of those numbers across America (Amer. Foundation for Suicide Preven. 2015; NCRead MoreThe Importance Of Suicide Prevention1498 Words   |  6 Pagesdefinition of suicide is the act of intentionally causing one’s own death. Suicides happen every day and the emotional impact such an act ha s on individuals, families, and communities is devastating and tragic. Unfortunately, suicide has become a much bigger social issue than society likes to admit. Many people seem to think of teenage years as their happiest years in life but what others do not know is that someone can be suffering from pain caused by an emotional or environmental issue. Suicide preventionRead MoreThe Most Successful Treatment Today For Depression957 Words   |  4 PagesSuicide is a growing problem around the world and is the third leading cause of death. Statistics show the seriousness of the situation. According to W.H.O. (World Health Organization) and C.D.C. (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention), over 800,000 people die by suicide every year with 42,773 being Americans. The National Alliance on Mental Illness says the leading cause of people committing suicide is untreated depression, but â€Å"only half of all Americans experiencing an episode of major depressionRead MoreThe Other Side O f Suicide1577 Words   |  7 PagesJosh Arteseros Gwendleyon November 24, 2014 The Other Side Of Suicide â€Å"What scenarios makes someone suicidal?† One evening going to Santa Rosa Junior College college for class I see up ahead theres two white vans with (I don t remember exactly what it said but I m going to say) â€Å"youth suicide prevention† written on the side, sitting in the main quad of the campus blocking my main walk path. I had to walk around the whole set up but while doing so I notice hundreds of backpacks allRead MoreImpact of the Economy on Suicide1255 Words   |  6 Pages Do economic classes affect the percentage of suicide rates? All types of people, rich and poor commit suicide, but suicide and suicide prevention are growing. The lives of about 4600 young people are lost because of suicide every year (Center for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2014). So what is the country offering to help? There are many programs and treatments to help those who have resorted to or contemplated suicide. Specialized programs have been created, but not all are accessibleRead MoreCan Suicide Be Prevented?. As Said In The Dictionary,1300 Words   |  6 PagesCan Suicide Be Prevented?   Ã‚  Ã‚   As said in the dictionary, suicide is the desperate attempt to escape unbearable pain or suffering by intentionally causing one own’s death. In simpler terms, an act of suicide is when someone takes their life, commonly due to immense feelings of sadness, loneliness, hopelessness, or depression. According to the Centers for Disease Control, over the past decade, suicide rates have risen quickly to the tenth leading cause of death among people over the age of ten. The

Toyotas Ethical Issue Of Toyota - 1023 Words

†Hold on and pray.† These were the last words spoken to a 911 operator on August 29, 2009, before the speaker, Christopher Lastrella, and 3 family members died in a horrific car accident in San Diego, California. The cause of the crash? The pedal of the rented Lexus E350 was stuck in full throttle, hurtling the car down the highway at speeds of up to 120 miles per hour, rendering the brakes completely useless. Those who passed away included two adult men, an adult woman, and a thirteen year old girl. Upon further investigation, it was determined that the floor mat had caused the accelerator to be caught and unable to be released. This incident would serve as the initial event that jumpstarted the public’s concern for exactly what was going on with many Toyota models. In this paper, we will explore the ethical issue that was present in this case, whether or not Toyota acted ethically in its handling of the unintended acceleration of its vehicles. In order to do this , we will examine the situation in the light of the six-step Hosmer’s moral reasoning process. This will include, among other aspects, an examination of the event in consideration of shareholder, stakeholder, and virtue theory. In addition to that, the authors will apply the Total Integrity Management model to Toyota’s actions in order to examine the moral integrity of the company as it pertains to trust. To conclude the paper, the authors will provide a normative statement regarding the actions of Toyota. ToShow MoreRelatedToyota s Ethics And Corporate Social Responsibility1267 Words   |  6 PagesThe purpose of this report is to examine if the reasoning behind well-known car manufacturer, Toyota’s loss of revenue and leading market position is alone as a result of extensive product recalls following a fatal crash of a Lexus ES 350 on August 28th 2009. The journal article, â€Å"Toyota Crisis: Management Issue?† (Yuanyuan Feng 2010) provides an outline of the key factors that triggered the 2009 Toyota crisis, and explores whether the fall in the company’s returns by 19% were caused purely as aRead MoreToyota Ethical Issues Essay1239 Words   |  5 PagesCurrent Ethical Issue in Business Toyota Ethical Issue Charlie Badell, Dawn Vinaguerra, Dotlyn Robertson, Farida Biobaku, Peter Daunoy HCS 350 July 18, 2011 John Muench, MSM Current Ethical Issue in Business Ethics are moral principles of knowing right and wrong. All human action comes under the ethics of right or wrong. In the corporate world, ethics may be known as moral business principles.    As defined by Crystal  (2010),  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Business ethics is the behaviorRead MoreToyota944 Words   |  4 PagesTOYOTA’S OPERATIONS STRATEGY Lean Manufacturing Toyota’s lean manufacturing has enabled the company to focus on consistent design and responsive approach to production operation. The company’s workforce is self-directed and motivated by output based measures and customer oriented criteria. The concepts of just in time (JIT), Kanban and respect for employees together with expedited problem solving approach (automated error correcting) has enabled the company to pursue lean innovations. Lean manufacturingRead MoreEssay on Toyota Global Domestic Marketing1331 Words   |  6 PagesGlobal and Domestic Marketing Toyota Motor Corporation conducts both domestic and global marketing with 51 overseas manufacturing companies in 26 countries and regions. Toyota’s vehicles are sold in more than 170 countries and regions (Toyota, 2010). This paper will identify the environmental factors that affect global and domestic marketing decisions and address how they relate to the marketing decisions by analyzing the influence of global economic interdependence and the effect of tradeRead MoreToyota: an Industrial Role Model1510 Words   |  7 PagesTOYOTA An Industry Role Model 5/19/2012 â€Æ' Toyota recognizes the impact their products have on the environment, and have taken the initiative to combat these issues. Through improvements in environmental information availability, active participation in environmental policies focusing on sustainable facilities and product developments, and self-criticism/evaluation to find flaws in critical operation tasks Toyota has become a role model in the automotive industry (Corporate PlanningRead MoreToyota Case Study : Toyota Motor Corporation1111 Words   |  5 PagesToyota Toyota Motor Corporation is well-respected Japanese company that designs, manufactures, assembles and sells motor vehicles and parts. History of the Company to Current Times In 1929 a Japanese inventor and founder of Toyoda Automatic Loom Works, Sakichi Toyoda, sold patent rights to a British company for one hundred thousand pounds (Bernasek 78). The money was used by his son, Kiichiro Toyoda, to establish an automobile division within Toyoda Automatic Loom Works, which in 1937 becameRead MoreBusiness Ethic Final Paper1697 Words   |  7 PagesA major car company by the name of Toyota was recently experiencing mechanical issues with some of their vehicles and there have been major fatalities cause by it. Toyota is trying to recall the models that are causing the problems, however, there are too many to recall and it will cost millions of dollars to fix the problem. Having a successful company requires that you practice and have good business ethics also. Toyota business ethics have come into question over its lack of concern for theRead MoreEthical Issues on Toyota4559 Words   |  19 Pagesremain in healthy competition, though today’s comp etitive world is discouraging small and big business brands to remain ethical. With WSI business opportunity, you can learn methods of becoming sue. What we have learnt from the course of Business Ethics? Course Description: Business ethics is an important part of any industry. Students or managers, unfamiliar with many ethical challenges, behaviors, or regulations will find themselves struggling in business industries that include finance, accountingRead MoreToyota New Zealand s Sustainability Marketing Report Essay3395 Words   |  14 PagesThis is Toyota New Zealand’s sustainability marketing report which communicates the economic, social and environmental influences of its tasks to stakeholders. The average growth rate of Toyota is calculated to +9.75% by analysis of annual survey from 2012 to 2017. The hybrid cars of Toyota had most selling in 2012. Toyota New works on the principles of dedication, working partnerships, certified standards, creativity and innovative management. Toyota supply chain strategy involves Toyota ProductionRead MoreToyotas Ethical Issues Essay1419 Words   |  6 PagesToyota issues in automotive industry resulted from a lack of moral and ethical obligations to loyal customers. In fact, people encounter ethics at one time or another. A business expectation is to act in manner upholding society values. According to authors Trevino and Nelson, (2004) states, â€Å"a set of moral principals or values, or the principals, norm, and standards of conduct governing a group or individual.† On the other hand, three ethical criteria determined in this discussion like obligation

Richard Swinburnes The Problem of Evil Gods E Essay Example For Students

Richard Swinburnes The Problem of Evil: Gods E Essay Richard Swinburnes The Problem of Evil: Gods ExistencePhilosophers have looked for ways to explain Gods existence for centuries. One such argment that the believer must justify in order to maintain thepossibility of Gods existence is the problem of evil. In his essay, TheProblem of Evil, by Richard Swinburne, the author attempts to explain how evilcan exist in a world created by an omniscient, omnipotent, omnibenevolent Being,namely God. Swinburne uses to free-will defense and says that God gave us achoice between doing good and doing evil. If someone chooses to do good overevil, then that Good is greater than if one had no choice at all but to do good. This is a weak argument and in order to clarify those weaknesses one can lookat Steven M. Cahns essay entitled Cacodaemony. This essay parallelsSwineburnes, but states that an omniscient, omnipotent, omnimalevolent Demoncreated the world. By looking at how weak the argument for cacodaemony is, onecan see how unlikely it is that the Demon exists and then can see that theexistence of God is just as unlikely. In The Problem of Evil, Swinburne says that an omniscient, omnipotent,omnibenevolent Being created the world. If this were true, how can evil existin this world? If God consciously knew He was creating a world in which thereis evil, then He would not be omnibenevolent. If God did not know He wascreating a world in which evil exists, then He would not be omniscient. If Godis omnipotent then He would be able to stop any evil from occurring. Either way,God would not be what Christianity makes him out to be. Swinburne argues thatthe theodicist, one who believes that it is not wrong for God to create a worldin which there is evil, can logically explain the existence of evil in the world. The main argument that the theodicist uses is the free-will defense, whichclaims that God gave humans the freedom to choose between doing acts of good andacts of evil. The theodicist argues that the good person could do is greater ifit is chosen instead of doing evil. It is better to choose to walk an elderlyperson across the road instead of deciding to push the elderly person in frontof an oncoming car. The theodicist believes that it is better for a person tohave that choice, though nearly everyone would naturally choose to help theperson across the street, than to have no choice at all and be forced to helpthat person. Swinburne writes that giving people a moral responsibility to dothe right thing is good. But if He did so by imposing a full character on ahumanly free creature, this would be giving him a character which he had not inany way chosen or adopted for himself (9). Swinburne believes that the freedomto choose and develop ones own character is a very important thing and e achperson deserves to have the ability to choose between Good and evil. This, however, does not justify the amount of pain and suffering in theworld. If someone were to consciously choose to do an evil act over a good one,the suffering caused to the innocent people involved would not be right. Thereare some people with mental disorders or those born with retardation that do nothave the ability to distinguish between right and wrong, or who sometimes sufferfrom lack of proper judgement. These people cannot make a choice between goodand evil, so sometimes they do evil acts, and sometimes they do good ones. Would it not be better for these people not to have the choice, a choice thatthey may not be fit to make? For example, a man who is schizophrenic may hearvoices that tell him to do something that he knows is morally wrong, such askill somebody. Would it not be better for God to intervene and make thispersons judgement better? It most certainly would be better for God tointervene and give this person a proper sense of right and wrong and the abilityto do the right thing. It would have been a better world if God had createdHitler so that he would not feel the need to order the massacre of millions ofJews. Swinburne, however, thinks that it is better for these people to have achoice to do wrong or to do right. The French and Indian War EssayThe existence of the Black Plague in medieval Europe caused suffering and deathto millions. It also resulted in the bettering of living conditions. The deathof one third of the population of Europe cannot be justified by the compassionfelt by those that lived towards those that die. Another example of aninstrumental good is penicillin. It was discovered and helped to cure polio andsaved many lives. The suffering of the many that contracted, suffered and diedfrom this disease cannot be justified by the few that fought to conquer thisdisease. It is not a good thing that Polio existed. Even if the theodicist still believes that the existence of God and theexistence of evil are compatible, by looking at Steven M. Cahns essayCacodaemony, one will see that they are not. In his essay, Cahn parallelsSwinburnes situation of the problem of evil with the problem of goodness. Cahnstates that it is equally likely that if an omniscient, omnipotent,omnibenevolent Being created the world, then an omniscient omnipotent,omnimalevolent Demon could have done the same. The problem that arises inCahns essay is: how could a world containing goodness have been created bythis all-powerful Demon? It exactly parallels the problem in Swinburnes essay,how could evil exist in a world created by God?Cahn attacks this problem by using the same argument that Swinburne uses,the free-will defense. Cahn also creates two types of good, just as Swinburnecategorized two types of evil. Cahn calls these goods moral goods, those humansdo for each other, and physical goods, those found in the human envir onment. Cahn writes that the Demon could have created a world in which humans do nothave the ability to do good, but this Demon has. Cahn writes that the Demon hasgiven humans free-will to choose to do evil or good. If one chooses evil overgood, then that evil is greater than if one had no choice at all but to do evil. The Demon thus had to provide human beings with freedom, so that they mightperform their bad actions volunarily, thus maximizing evil(23). Cahn writesthat the world wouldnot be as evil as it could be if the Demon made it so thateveryone was just evil. These arguments are not very convincing. Too many people choose good overevil for this to be the worst of all possible worlds, which is what it shouldbe if an omniscient, omnipotent, omnimalevolent Demon created it. This worldwould be more evil if the Demon made us inherently evil and goodness did noteven exist. If we were all made with the same characteristics as the Demon thenwe would be more evil than if we had to choose to come up with those evil traitson our own. This world would be a worse place if everyone just fought and hatedeach other, just like this world would be a better place if everyone waspeaceful and happy. This Demon could not exist because there is too much goodin the world, and that good does not get an adequate explanation. Since thearguments for Cacodaemony is disproved, so is the one for the theodicist, sincethese two arguments are equally likely and equally weak. By looking at Cahns Cacodaemony, one can see how improbably it is thatan omniscient, omnipotent, and omnimalevolent Demon created the world. Cahnsargument, however, exactly parallels Swinburnes in The Problem of Evil. Bothuse the free-will defense to attempt to explain how evil or goodness could existin a world created by God or a Demon. Both arguments have the same strength, asCahn notes, and both are very weak arguments. If it seems unlikely that anomniscient, omnipotent, omnimalevolent Demon created the world, then it is justas unlikely that an omniscient, omnipotent, omnibenevolent being created theworld. It is likely that neither God nor the Demon exists, and the problem ofevil and the problem of goodness wind up supporting the position of the atheist. Category: Philosophy